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Unit8
1. Why don’t you get her a camera?
Why don’t you ...? 虽然在形式上是个疑问句，但却常用来表示一种建议，意为“你为什不……？”。例如：Why don’t you come and see the doctor? 你为什么不来看医生呢？
Why not ...?可以看作是Why don’t you ...?的省略形式，语气比较婉转，后接动词原形。例如：Why not go to school by bus? 你为什么不乘公共汽车上学？
接受这种方式提出的建议时，常用Good idea! / That’s a good idea! / OK. / All right.等作答。拒绝这种方式提出的建议时，用No, thanks.等作答。
2. How about some tennis balls? / What about a watch?
How / What about...?意为“……怎么样；如何”，常用来询问、了解情况或征询对方的看法、意见或建议，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。例如：
How about going to the cinema with me? 同我一起去看电影怎么样？
The boys went to the cinema. What about the girls? 男生去看电影了，女生呢？
3. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.
rather than 意为“而不是”，用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、代词、形容词、动词的-ing 形式等。例如：
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这些鞋不好看，但穿起来很舒服。
I’d like to go in summer rather than in winter. 我想夏天去，不想冬天去。
I decided to write a letter rather than make a phone call. 我决定写信，而不打电话。
4. We should try to make progress before the Olympics.
make progress 意为“进步；取得进展”。progress 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。例如：
Lucy is not making much progress at school. 露西在学校进步不大。
5. Have you ever heard of the Beijing Speaks English program?
hear of 意为“听说；得知”，指间接听到某人或某事的一些情况，其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
I have never heard of that place. 我从来没有听说过那个地方。
6. If you look hard enough, you’ll find a good way to learn English better.
句中的enough 是副词，意为“足够地；充分地”，修饰副词或形容词时，应位于其后。例如：
This book is easy enough for a six-year-old child to read. 这本书内容浅显，六岁的孩子就能看懂。
I can’t see clearly enough. 我看得不够清楚。
此外，enough 作副词时，还可修饰动词。例如：
Have you played enough? 你玩够了吗？
enough 还可作形容词，用来修饰名词。这时enough可放在名词前面，也可放在名词后面。例如：
We have enough money / money enough to buy a car. 我们有足够的钱来买一辆汽车。
Unit 9
1. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck ... Perhaps we have even seen them in movies.
maybe, perhaps 与probably 的用法区别：
maybe 意为“也许；大概”，口语中很常见，但没有perhaps 正式。例如：
Maybe you put the letter in your bag. 也许你把信放在你的包里了。
Maybe he will help me. 也许他会帮助我。
perhaps 意为“或许”，表示说话人对当前的事有疑问，不肯定。例如：
Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 也许下午会下雨。
Perhaps I can see him tomorrow, but I’m not sure. 或许我明天能见到他，不过我还不能肯定。
probably 意为“很可能地；大概地”。说话人对某事的发生有相当把握时用probably。例如：
She is very ill and will probably die. 她病得很重，命可能保不住了。
2. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
end up 意为“结束；最后成为/处于”。例如：How does the story end up? 这个故事是怎么结尾的？
We set off for Newcastle but ended up in Scotland. 我们动身去纽卡斯尔，可后来却去了苏格兰。
3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
这是个强调句，强调的是原因状语从句because I could speak English。强调句的结构形式为“It is / was 被强调成分 that/who 从句”。被强调的成分可以是除谓语和表语之外的任何句子成分。假设有这样一句话：We held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. 我们可以用下面四个句子来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。
It was we who held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. （强调主语we）
It was a class meeting that we held in the classroom yesterday. （强调宾语a class meeting）
It was in the classroom that we held a class meeting yesterday. （强调地点状语in the classroom）
It was yesterday that we held a class meeting in the classroom. （强调时间状语yesterday）
4. I want to travel, especially to English-speaking countries such as the United States and Australia.
such as 与for example用法区别：
两者都意为“例如”。for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语。例如：
His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example. 他的拼写太糟糕了！看看吧，比如这个单词。
such as 用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子。注意such as后面不可用逗号隔开。例如：
She likes drinks, such as tea and coffee. 她喜欢喝饮料，例如茶和咖啡。
5. My English writing is good, but I need to improve my listening skills.
improve 意为“提高；改进；改善”，用作及物动词。例如：
It will help to improve your speaking. 这会帮助提高你的口语能力。
If the company refuses to improve its pay offer, we shall go on strike. 如果公司拒绝改进工资方案，我们就举行罢工。
6. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, ...
英语中，分数由基数词和序数词构成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，即在序数词词尾加-s，基数词和序数词之间的连字符可省略。如：one-fourth 或one quarter （四分之一）；two-thirds（三分之二）；five-twelfths （十二分之五）。
population 意为“人口”，是个集体名词。population 用作主语时，如果说话人意在强调整体意义，则谓语动词为单数形式；如果强调个体，则谓语动词常为复数形式。例如：
The population of the country is growing rapidly. 这个国家的人口数在迅速增长。（强调整体）
Two thirds of the population of the country are farmers. 这个国家三分之二的人口是农民。（强调个体）
7. Have you ever been to an aquarium?
have been to 表示曾经去过某地，现在已回来，后面可接次数,如once（一次）, twice（两次）, three times（三次）等。例如：
I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。
She has never been to Hangzhou. 她从未去过杭州。
8. —I’ve never been to a water park.
—Me neither.
答语“Me neither.”相当于“Neither have I.”。在此句式中，neither 后面的助动词由前面的谓语动词决定，即当前面的谓语部分只含一个实义动词时，neither后面的助动词为do, does或did; 如果前面的谓语中含有系动词be或情态动词，则neither后面的动词同样为系动词be或情态动词。例如：
—He isn’t a student. 他不是学生。
—Neither am I. 我也不是。
—I don’t like sports. 我不喜欢体育运动。
—Neither does my sister. 我妹妹也不喜欢。
—I can’t swim. 我不会游泳。
—Neither can I. (Me neither.) 我也不会。
9. Harvey had a great time at Water World.
have a great time 相当于have a good time, have a nice time, enjoy oneself，意为“玩得高兴”，“过得愉快”。例如：
Did you have a great time in the park? 你在公园里玩得愉快吗？
10. You can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you can sleep and eat on board.
on board 是习语，意为“在船（火车、飞机）上”；也可作“上船（火车、飞机）”解，board 前面没有冠词。例如：
The train didn’t start until all of us came on board. 等我们大家上来后火车才开动。
on the board 意为“在木板上”。例如：
Put the bread on the board before cutting it. 在切开之前把面包放在木板上。
11. I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well.
discover, look for, find, find out 都有“发现”之意，但用法不同：
1) discover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的事物。例如：
Who discovered America in 1492? 是谁在1492年发现美洲大陆的？
2) look for 作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。例如：
Are you still looking for that place? 你还在找那个地方吗？
What are you looking for? 你在找什么？
3) find指寻找的结果，即“找到”，通常指偶然发现。例如：
I looked for my pen here and there, but I couldn’t find it. 我到处找我的钢笔，但是没找到。
Where did you find your lost bike? 你丢失的自行车是在哪里找到的？
4) find out 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白。例如：
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候开。
【实战演练】
( )1. —Why don’t you go there with me tomorrow?
—_______. I will go there with you.
A. That’s a good idea B. That’s my pleasure
C. That’s interesting D. That’s funny
( )2. What about something _______?
A. to be drunk B. to drink
C. drinking D. drunk
( )3. I always prefer _______ early rather than_______ to school without breakfast.
A. getting up; going B. get up; go
C. to get up; to go D. get up; to go
( )4. We are glad that he has _______ in a very short time.
A.made believe B. made against
C. made progress D. made after
( )5. He _______ her coming and waited there the whole morning.
A. heard from B. heard out
C. heard tell D. heard of
( )6. English is spoken in many countries, ______Australia, Canada and so on.
A. for example B. taking example
C. such as D. such for
( )7. —The population of this village is ______ than that of that village.
—That’s right. Lots of people of this village left their hometown for big cities.
A. larger B. smaller C. more D. fewer
( )8. ______ is the population of London?
A. How much B. How many
C. What D. What number
( )9. ______ of my classes come from the rural area.
A. Two third B. Seconds three
B. Second third D. Two thirds
( )10. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.
A. discover B. look for
C. find D. find out
Keys: 1~5 ABACD 6~10 CBCDD
1. Why don’t you get her a camera?
Why don’t you ...? 虽然在形式上是个疑问句，但却常用来表示一种建议，意为“你为什不……？”。例如：Why don’t you come and see the doctor? 你为什么不来看医生呢？
Why not ...?可以看作是Why don’t you ...?的省略形式，语气比较婉转，后接动词原形。例如：Why not go to school by bus? 你为什么不乘公共汽车上学？
接受这种方式提出的建议时，常用Good idea! / That’s a good idea! / OK. / All right.等作答。拒绝这种方式提出的建议时，用No, thanks.等作答。
2. How about some tennis balls? / What about a watch?
How / What about...?意为“……怎么样；如何”，常用来询问、了解情况或征询对方的看法、意见或建议，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。例如：
How about going to the cinema with me? 同我一起去看电影怎么样？
The boys went to the cinema. What about the girls? 男生去看电影了，女生呢？
3. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.
rather than 意为“而不是”，用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、代词、形容词、动词的-ing 形式等。例如：
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这些鞋不好看，但穿起来很舒服。
I’d like to go in summer rather than in winter. 我想夏天去，不想冬天去。
I decided to write a letter rather than make a phone call. 我决定写信，而不打电话。
4. We should try to make progress before the Olympics.
make progress 意为“进步；取得进展”。progress 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。例如：
Lucy is not making much progress at school. 露西在学校进步不大。
5. Have you ever heard of the Beijing Speaks English program?
hear of 意为“听说；得知”，指间接听到某人或某事的一些情况，其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
I have never heard of that place. 我从来没有听说过那个地方。
6. If you look hard enough, you’ll find a good way to learn English better.
句中的enough 是副词，意为“足够地；充分地”，修饰副词或形容词时，应位于其后。例如：
This book is easy enough for a six-year-old child to read. 这本书内容浅显，六岁的孩子就能看懂。
I can’t see clearly enough. 我看得不够清楚。
此外，enough 作副词时，还可修饰动词。例如：
Have you played enough? 你玩够了吗？
enough 还可作形容词，用来修饰名词。这时enough可放在名词前面，也可放在名词后面。例如：
We have enough money / money enough to buy a car. 我们有足够的钱来买一辆汽车。
Unit 9
1. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck ... Perhaps we have even seen them in movies.
maybe, perhaps 与probably 的用法区别：
maybe 意为“也许；大概”，口语中很常见，但没有perhaps 正式。例如：
Maybe you put the letter in your bag. 也许你把信放在你的包里了。
Maybe he will help me. 也许他会帮助我。
perhaps 意为“或许”，表示说话人对当前的事有疑问，不肯定。例如：
Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 也许下午会下雨。
Perhaps I can see him tomorrow, but I’m not sure. 或许我明天能见到他，不过我还不能肯定。
probably 意为“很可能地；大概地”。说话人对某事的发生有相当把握时用probably。例如：
She is very ill and will probably die. 她病得很重，命可能保不住了。
2. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
end up 意为“结束；最后成为/处于”。例如：How does the story end up? 这个故事是怎么结尾的？
We set off for Newcastle but ended up in Scotland. 我们动身去纽卡斯尔，可后来却去了苏格兰。
3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
这是个强调句，强调的是原因状语从句because I could speak English。强调句的结构形式为“It is / was 被强调成分 that/who 从句”。被强调的成分可以是除谓语和表语之外的任何句子成分。假设有这样一句话：We held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. 我们可以用下面四个句子来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。
It was we who held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. （强调主语we）
It was a class meeting that we held in the classroom yesterday. （强调宾语a class meeting）
It was in the classroom that we held a class meeting yesterday. （强调地点状语in the classroom）
It was yesterday that we held a class meeting in the classroom. （强调时间状语yesterday）
4. I want to travel, especially to English-speaking countries such as the United States and Australia.
such as 与for example用法区别：
两者都意为“例如”。for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语。例如：
His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example. 他的拼写太糟糕了！看看吧，比如这个单词。
such as 用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子。注意such as后面不可用逗号隔开。例如：
She likes drinks, such as tea and coffee. 她喜欢喝饮料，例如茶和咖啡。
5. My English writing is good, but I need to improve my listening skills.
improve 意为“提高；改进；改善”，用作及物动词。例如：
It will help to improve your speaking. 这会帮助提高你的口语能力。
If the company refuses to improve its pay offer, we shall go on strike. 如果公司拒绝改进工资方案，我们就举行罢工。
6. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, ...
英语中，分数由基数词和序数词构成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，即在序数词词尾加-s，基数词和序数词之间的连字符可省略。如：one-fourth 或one quarter （四分之一）；two-thirds（三分之二）；five-twelfths （十二分之五）。
population 意为“人口”，是个集体名词。population 用作主语时，如果说话人意在强调整体意义，则谓语动词为单数形式；如果强调个体，则谓语动词常为复数形式。例如：
The population of the country is growing rapidly. 这个国家的人口数在迅速增长。（强调整体）
Two thirds of the population of the country are farmers. 这个国家三分之二的人口是农民。（强调个体）
7. Have you ever been to an aquarium?
have been to 表示曾经去过某地，现在已回来，后面可接次数,如once（一次）, twice（两次）, three times（三次）等。例如：
I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。
She has never been to Hangzhou. 她从未去过杭州。
8. —I’ve never been to a water park.
—Me neither.
答语“Me neither.”相当于“Neither have I.”。在此句式中，neither 后面的助动词由前面的谓语动词决定，即当前面的谓语部分只含一个实义动词时，neither后面的助动词为do, does或did; 如果前面的谓语中含有系动词be或情态动词，则neither后面的动词同样为系动词be或情态动词。例如：
—He isn’t a student. 他不是学生。
—Neither am I. 我也不是。
—I don’t like sports. 我不喜欢体育运动。
—Neither does my sister. 我妹妹也不喜欢。
—I can’t swim. 我不会游泳。
—Neither can I. (Me neither.) 我也不会。
9. Harvey had a great time at Water World.
have a great time 相当于have a good time, have a nice time, enjoy oneself，意为“玩得高兴”，“过得愉快”。例如：
Did you have a great time in the park? 你在公园里玩得愉快吗？
10. You can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you can sleep and eat on board.
on board 是习语，意为“在船（火车、飞机）上”；也可作“上船（火车、飞机）”解，board 前面没有冠词。例如：
The train didn’t start until all of us came on board. 等我们大家上来后火车才开动。
on the board 意为“在木板上”。例如：
Put the bread on the board before cutting it. 在切开之前把面包放在木板上。
11. I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well.
discover, look for, find, find out 都有“发现”之意，但用法不同：
1) discover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的事物。例如：
Who discovered America in 1492? 是谁在1492年发现美洲大陆的？
2) look for 作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。例如：
Are you still looking for that place? 你还在找那个地方吗？
What are you looking for? 你在找什么？
3) find指寻找的结果，即“找到”，通常指偶然发现。例如：
I looked for my pen here and there, but I couldn’t find it. 我到处找我的钢笔，但是没找到。
Where did you find your lost bike? 你丢失的自行车是在哪里找到的？
4) find out 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白。例如：
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候开。
【实战演练】
( )1. —Why don’t you go there with me tomorrow?
—_______. I will go there with you.
A. That’s a good idea B. That’s my pleasure
C. That’s interesting D. That’s funny
( )2. What about something _______?
A. to be drunk B. to drink
C. drinking D. drunk
( )3. I always prefer _______ early rather than_______ to school without breakfast.
A. getting up; going B. get up; go
C. to get up; to go D. get up; to go
( )4. We are glad that he has _______ in a very short time.
A.made believe B. made against
C. made progress D. made after
( )5. He _______ her coming and waited there the whole morning.
A. heard from B. heard out
C. heard tell D. heard of
( )6. English is spoken in many countries, ______Australia, Canada and so on.
A. for example B. taking example
C. such as D. such for
( )7. —The population of this village is ______ than that of that village.
—That’s right. Lots of people of this village left their hometown for big cities.
A. larger B. smaller C. more D. fewer
( )8. ______ is the population of London?
A. How much B. How many
C. What D. What number
( )9. ______ of my classes come from the rural area.
A. Two third B. Seconds three
B. Second third D. Two thirds
( )10. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.
A. discover B. look for
C. find D. find out
Keys: 1~5 ABACD 6~10 CBCDD