认况障碍是儿童心理障碍的一种类型。这种障碍是指儿童在认识过程中特别是在学习活动中所出现的不良适应状况,属认识过程的障碍,患者多见于小学生。认识障碍一旦形成,将严重影响儿重学习任务的完成,防害他们智力的正常发展。 儿童在认识活动中出现的障碍主要从学习中表现出来,其特征主要是阅读、算术、语言及书写困难。这类学生智力正常,但不能把印在书上的符号变成有意义的观念,甚至不能唤起视觉的印象,学习进展缓慢。有认水障碍的学生,注意力往往不能专注地指向学习活动,上课注意力极度分散,喜欢做小动作,或面部表情呆滞无所事事。他们学习基础差,意志薄弱缺乏勇气,在困难面前容易产生退缩和惧怕心理,对自己的智力水平产生怀疑与不信任。常常感叹自己为什么这样笨,有自卑感,害怕回答问题,对学习丧失信心从而厌学。这类学生在智力活动中还有空间知觉能力差,记忆力衰退,表象贫乏,反应不敏捷,思维迟钝,易发懵,课堂上常常是一问三不知,想象力弱,语言表达含混不清,写作往往词不达意等等表观。一个活蹦乱跳的小学生,如果在其他活动中表明非凡,唯独在学习活动特别是在课堂上 Recognition disorder is a type of psychological disorder in children. This obstacle refers to children in the process of awareness, especially in learning activities appear in the adverse state of adaptation is an obstacle to awareness of the process, patients are more common in primary school students. Once formed, cognitive impairment will seriously affect the completion of children’s heavy learning tasks and prevent the normal development of their intelligence. Obstacles to children’s awareness activities are mainly manifested in their studies, which are characterized mainly by reading, arithmetic, language and writing difficulties. Such students are mentally normal, but can not turn the symbols printed on the books into meaningful ideas, or even arouse the visual impression, the learning progress is slow. Students who identify with water disorders often fail to focus their attention on learning activities, distract their attention in class, like to make small gestures, or have dull facial expressions. They have poor learning foundation, weakness and lack of courage, are easily retreated and feared in the face of difficulties, and have doubts and mistrust of their intelligence. Often sigh about why they are stupid, have feelings of inferiority, are afraid of answering questions, and lose their confidence in learning. Such students in the intellectual activities of space perception, poor memory, poor representation, the reaction is not agile, slow thinking, easy to go, the classroom is often a question and answer, imagination is weak, vague language expression, writing Often the word is not satisfactory, and so on. A young pupil who jumps and jumps, if it shows extraordinary in other activities, only in learning activities, especially in the classroom