中枢神经系统(CNS)急性病毒感染可单独发生或作为系统性疾病的一种表现。脑膜脑炎在流行性腮腺炎时常见,但在肠道病毒感染时罕见。脑炎是许多虫媒病毒感染和狂犬病的主要临床特征。单纯疱疹病毒引起的急性坏死性脑炎通常由重新激活的病毒沿神经播散所致,此种病毒偶尔引起新生儿全身性感染,也可侵犯 CNS。虽然在脑膜炎时感染性病毒存在于脑脊液(CSF)中,但在单纯疱疹病毒或狂犬病病毒所致脑炎病例中少见。麻疹、水痘和风 Central Nervous System (CNS) Acute virus infection can occur alone or as a manifestation of a systemic disease. Meningoencephalitis is common in mumps, but rare in enteroviral infections. Encephalitis is the major clinical feature of many arbovirus infections and rabies. Acute necrotizing encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus usually spreads along the nerves by the reactivated virus, which occasionally causes systemic infection in the newborn and can also invade the CNS. Although infectious virus is present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during meningitis, it is rare in cases of herpes simplex virus or rabies virus-induced encephalitis. Measles, chickenpox and the wind