1 引言 标准化在现代工业社会中,实际上已经作为一个必不可少的功能系统在社会经济生活和科研生产活动中起着很重要的作用。在欧美工业发达国家,认为“标准就意味着高质量,而质量就意味着效益”。日本工业界明确地提出“标准全面贯彻实施的过程也就是实现全面质量管理的过程”。美国国防部门认为,“对于国防技术,武器系统的 1 Introduction Standardization in modern industrial society has actually played an important role in socio-economic life and research and production activities as an essential functional system. In developed countries in Europe and America, it is believed that “standards mean high quality, and quality means profit.” The Japanese industry clearly stated that “the process of fully implementing standards is the process of achieving total quality management.” The U.S. Defense Department believes that "For defense technologies, weapons systems