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[目的 ]探讨美国国家职业安全卫生研究所提出的手工作业提举指数 (LI)与下背痛患病率的关系。[方法 ]在 3个具有典型提举作业的工厂中采用流行病学横断面调查方法 ,利用NIOSH提出的提举指数进行接触负荷评价 ,按照Nordic肌肉骨骼症状分析调查表对 491名从事手工提举作业的工人和 3 4名无明显提举任务的行政人员进行问卷调查 ,并对静态肌力进行测试。根据提举指数分为 0 ,～ 1,～ 2 ,～ 3 ,>3共 5组。观察各组工人不同部位肌肉骨骼疾患的患病情况 ,并分析提举指数与下背痛患病的关系。 [结果 ]在肌肉骨骼症状中 ,下背痛的发生率最高。当LI增高时 ,下背痛的OR值也随之增加 ,但其峰值出现在～ 3组 (OR =1.3 5 ) ,而LI >3 ,其OR值并非最高 ,仅为 1.3 0。平均腰拉力最大的为～ 1组 ( 95 .5 9± 2 1.76)kg ,而对照组和LI >3组则分别为 ( 80 .3 6± 14 .49)kg、( 86.85± 2 0 .3 3 )kg。 [结论 ]提举指数对手工提举所引起的下背痛是一个有意义的危险度评价指标。过度手工提举活动可能降低腰拉力。
[Objective] To explore the relationship between Lifting Index (LI) and the prevalence of lower back pain proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. [Method] The epidemiological cross-sectional survey method was used in 3 plants with typical lifting operations, contact load was evaluated by lifting index proposed by NIOSH, and 491 persons were hand-lifted according to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Analysis Questionnaire The workers in the operation and 34 administrators without any obvious lifting task conducted a questionnaire survey and tested static muscle strength. According to the lifting index is divided into 0, ~ 1, ~ 2, ~ 3,> 3 total of 5 groups. Observe the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different parts of workers in each group and analyze the relationship between lifting index and the prevalence of lower back pain. [Results] The incidence of lower back pain was the highest in musculoskeletal symptoms. When LI increased, the OR of lower back pain also increased, but the peak appeared in ~ 3 group (OR = 1.3 5), while LI> 3, the OR value was not the highest, only 1.3 0. The mean lumbar tension was ~ 1 (95.59 ± 2 1.76) kg in the maximal group, and (80.36 ± 14.49) kg in the control and LI> 3 groups, respectively (86.85 ± 2.03 3) kg. [Conclusion] The index of lower back pain caused by manual lifting is a significant index of risk evaluation. Excessive hand lifting activities may reduce waist tension.