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沃尔泽的分配正义理论是以善品为导向而不是以人为导向的,他专注于特定的善品对它所要分配的人的意义,而罗尔斯的论证核心则恰恰在于强调人的观念。罗尔斯的正义理论所要求的普遍主义观念包括了某种对人们已经作出的选择的漠视,以及对所要分配的社会善品的独特的自我理解的漠视,甚至呈现出不民主的倾向。沃尔泽关于社会善品的特殊主义论断决定了罗尔斯正义原则的普遍主义方法论既是无用的又是多余的。沃尔泽的分配正义理论的实质是在自由主义、社群主义、甚至民主社会主义之间寻求一种多元价值的均衡。
Walzer’s theory of distributive justice is oriented toward good products rather than people. He focuses on the significance of specific good products to the people to whom it is assigned, and Rawls’s argument lies precisely in emphasizing the human concept . The universalist concept required by Rawls’s theory of justice includes some indifference to the choices people have made, indifference to the unique self-understanding of the social good to be distributed, and even an undemocratic tendency. Walzer’s speculative assertion of the good of society determines that the universalist methodology of Rawls’s principle of justice is both useless and redundant. The essence of Walzer’s theory of distributive justice is to seek a balance of multiple values between liberalism, communitarianism and even democratic socialism.