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原子物理知识在高考所占的比例不大(每年大约占10分),知识要’求低(大部分为A级要求),侧重于理解记忆和简单应用。本文试就这一部分内容作归类分析。一、知识归类1．三种原子结构模型(1)汤姆生原子模型(枣糕式结构)[实验基础]1897年英国物理学家汤姆生研究阴极射线时,发现电子;原子的电中性。[基本内容]原子中的正电荷均匀地分布在整个球体内,而电子镶嵌在其中,正负电荷的电量相等。人们把这种模型形象地称之为枣糕式或葡萄干面包式模型。[困难问题]无法解释α粒子大角度散射实验。
The proportion of atomic physics knowledge in the college entrance examination is small (about 10 points per year), knowledge is ’low’ (mostly Class A requirements), and emphasis is placed on understanding memory and simple applications. This article tries to categorize this part of the content. First, knowledge is classified Three Atomic Structure Models (1) Thomson’s Atomic Model (Ziguo Cake Structure) [Experimental Basis] British physicist Tomson studied the cathode ray in 1897 and found electrons; the atom’s electrical neutrality. [Basic content] The positive charge in the atom is evenly distributed throughout the sphere, and the electrons are embedded in it, and the positive and negative charges are equal. People call this model figuratively a jujube or raisin bread model. [Difficult question] Unable to explain alpha particle large-angle scattering experiment.