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多年来在天文望远镜中,都是使用折射式和反折射式镜头。最近在其它一些场合,在大孔径手提式象增强的夜视装置中也广泛使用这种镜头。远焦望远镜与8～12μm波段内工作的红外扫描系统一起使用,使扫描器的大视场和小孔径与远距离观察所需要的小视场和大入射孔径相匹配。所使用的望远镜结构通常是一种折射式的摄远镜头。这种结构可作为一种单视场镜头、作为双视场或多视场可转换系统的一部分,或者作为一种机械的或光学补偿的变焦系统的主要部分。但是,对于高倍率大型望远镜,反折射系统较之折射望远镜有一些优点。本文描述两种类型的反折射式镜头。第一种有“低”的放大倍率(7.5倍),并使用全孔径的锗透镜来校正球差,第二种有“高”的放大倍率(30倍),并使用小孔径的锗元件来校正球差。
Over the years in astronomical telescopes, both refractive and catadioptric lenses are used. Recently, on other occasions, such lenses are also widely used in large-aperture portable night-vision-enhanced night vision devices. The far-field telescope is used with an infrared scanning system operating in the 8-12 μm band to match the large field of view and small aperture of the scanner with the small field of view and large incident aperture needed for long-range observations. The telescope used is usually a refractive lens. This structure can be used as a single-field lens as part of a dual-field or multi-field switchable system or as a major part of a mechanically or optically compensated zooming system. However, for high magnification large telescopes, catadioptric systems have some advantages over refracting telescopes. This article describes two types of catadioptric lenses. The first has a “low” magnification (7.5x) and uses a full aperture germanium lens to correct for spherical aberration, the second has a “high” magnification (30x) and uses a small aperture germanium element Correct the spherical aberration.