【摘 要】
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Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the chromatin structure and gene expression levels without changing the primary DNA sequence, and include DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications of histone tails and nucleosome positioning,
【机 构】
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Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, Interdepartmental
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Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the chromatin structure and gene expression levels without changing the primary DNA sequence, and include DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications of histone tails and nucleosome positioning, as well as mechanisms mediated by long and short non-coding RNA molecules. These mechanisms are required for human development and cell differentiation, and are pivotal in differentiated cells for cellular functions, allowing a tight regulation of gene expression levels in response to environmental stimuli and cellular metabolic demands (Coppedè, 2021b).
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