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外来体(exosomes,EXO)是由细胞内多泡体(multivesicular body,MVB)与细胞膜融合并释放到细胞外的纳米级膜性小囊泡,广泛分布于生物体液中,具有机体耐受特性及诱导归巢能力。外来体可携带蛋白、运送RNA,在肿瘤细胞间的物质传递和信息转导中起到重要作用。近年来,外来体逐渐成为恶性肿瘤研究领域的关注热点,特别是基于外来体的靶向治疗,成为引领肿瘤治疗的新导向。该文就外来体作为生物信息载体在肿瘤中的最新研究作一综述。
Exosomes (EXO) are nanoscale membranous vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane and release to the outside of the cell by the multivesicular body (MVB). They are widely distributed in biological fluids and have the characteristics of organoleptic tolerance and Induced homing ability. Exosomes can carry proteins and transport RNAs and play an important role in the material transfer and information transduction between tumor cells. In recent years, exosomes have gradually become the focus of attention in the field of malignant tumor research, especially targeting therapy based on exosomes, becoming a new guideline for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the latest research on exosomes as bioinformatics vectors in tumors.