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自从第二次世界大战末德国发明V-2火箭,特别是1957年苏联发射第一个人造地球卫星以后,航空和宇航技术高速发展,现在,飞行体的速度已远远超过第一宇宙速度(7.8公里/秒)。随着速度剧增,带来了低速飞行时不曾出现的特殊问题:一是高M数效应,一是高温对飞行介质的影响。高M数效应使得通常的Navier-Stokes方程失效。研究这方面问题,属于高速空气动力学范围。在实际问题中,高速必然伴随着产生高温,这两方面的效应交织在一起。热效应比起单纯的速度效应更本质,这使得高速高温流动现象及其介质性质的研究成为高温气体物理力学的一个最重要方面。
Since the invention of V-2 rockets by Germany at the end of World War II, especially after the first artificial Earth satellite was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, aeronautical and astronautical technologies have developed rapidly and now fly far beyond the speed of the first universe 7.8 km / s). With the rapid increase of speed, it brings the special problems that have not appeared in low-speed flight: one is the effect of high M number, the other is the influence of high temperature on flight medium. The high M-number effect invalidates the usual Navier-Stokes equations. Research in this area, belong to the scope of high-speed aerodynamics. In practical problems, high speed is inevitably accompanied by high temperature, the two effects are intertwined. The thermal effect is more essential than the mere velocity effect, making the study of high-temperature and high-temperature flow phenomena and its dielectric properties one of the most important aspects of high-temperature gas physics.