论文部分内容阅读
以8个籼稻品种和8个粳稻品种作对照,对较完整的太湖地区河姆渡出土稻谷(6950±130BP)和罗家角出土稻谷(7040±130BP)进行扫描电镜观察.发现距/深比以10,峰角度以80°,垭角度以155°为界限指标,可将水稻的双峰乳突分为“锐型”和“钝型”两种基本类型.小于上述指标的为“锐型”,籼稻品种多属之.大于上述指标的为“钝型”,粳稻品种多属之.据此提出了水稻“双峰乳突鉴别法”.用谷粒的长/宽比指标和外稃双峰乳突指标对河姆渡·罗家角出土稻谷作了研究.三粒河姆渡出土稻谷具有粒形似籼而双峰乳突为从混沌态到稳定态不同演化状态的“钝型”特征.四粒罗家角出土稻谷中2号稻谷为籼型粒形和混沌态“钝型”双峰乳突,l、5号稻谷则粒形似籼而双峰乳突为分化态和稳定态“钝型”,3号稻谷粒形似粳、双峰乳突为稳定态“钝型”.无论从粒形的长宽分布、双峰距和垭深分布以及峰角度与垭角度分布皆可看到7000年前的出土稻谷均处于与现代籼稻和粳稻不同的区域,表明出土稻谷是一种非典型籼非典型粳的各种中间类型并存的原始混合群体.这种“非籼非粳”是“正在分化的”古栽培稻的重要特征.因此“先有籼或先有粳”的命题,并用现代的籼粳概念去规范古栽培稻的属性,似有不妥,值得商榷.
A comparative study of 8 indica rice varieties and 8 japonica rice varieties revealed that the distance / depth ratio of 10 rice cultivars (6950 ± 130 BP) and Luojiajiao rice (7040 ± 130 BP) , The peak angle of 80 ° and the angle of 155 ° for the paddy field can be divided into two basic types: “sharp type” and “dull type.” Less than the above indexes are “sharp type” Indica rice varieties belong to more than the above indicators for the “blunt type”, mostly japonica rice varieties.Therefore, rice “bimodal papillae identification method.” With the grain length / width index and the outer double peaks Mastoid index was used to study the rice unearthed in Hemudu-Luojiajiao.The three Hemudu-unearthed rice had the characteristics of “blunt-type” with grain-like indica and bimodal papillae in different evolutionary states from chaos to steady state. The No. 2 rice in the angle-angle rice was the “blunt-type” double-peak mastoid with indica-shaped grains and chaos, while the No. 1 and No. 2 rice grains were both blunted with the doubly- Rice grain shape like japonica, bimodal papillae stable state “blunt type.” Whether from the length and breadth of grain distribution, double peak distance and Deep distribution and peak angle and angle distribution can be seen 7,000 years ago unearthed rice are in different areas with modern indica and japonica rice, indicating that unearthed paddy is an atypical indica atypical japonica coexistence of various intermediate types of primitive Mixed population .This “non-indica non-japonica” is an important feature of “differentiating” ancient cultivated rice.Therefore, the proposition “first indica or first japonica” is used and the modern indica-japonica conception is used to regulate the properties of ancient cultivated rice , Seems to be wrong, it is debatable.