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十九世纪以前,山区占优势的产业是畜牧业和采矿业。但是,在基础设施薄弱、与生产同类产品的平原地区竞争日益加剧的条件下,进一步发展上述产业的可能性愈来愈小了。这是许多经济发达国家山区经济社会生活逐渐衰退的重要原因之一:人口流失加剧,山村渐趋消亡。很自然地,对于如此形成的真空,应当以某种方式加以充实。在对这类地域有所需求的为数不多的活动范围和经济部门中,游憩业占有重要的地位。在20世纪50年代,山地按步就班的游憩开发,为旅游业的迅猛发展所取代。就在几十年间,游憩已经成为一种强大的产业,
Before the nineteenth century, the dominant industries in the mountains were livestock husbandry and mining. However, under the condition of weak infrastructure and increasing competition with the plain areas where similar products are produced, the possibilities for further development of these industries are getting smaller and smaller. This is one of the important reasons for the gradual decline of the economic and social life in mountainous areas in many economically developed countries: population loss intensifies and mountain villages are gradually disappearing. Naturally, the vacuum so formed should be somehow substantiated. In the limited range of activities and sectors of the economy that demand such a space, recreation plays an important role. In the 1950s, the step-by-step recreation and development in the mountains was replaced by the rapid development of tourism. In just a few decades, recreation has become a formidable industry,