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硫氧还蛋白2(Trx2)是特异位于线粒体的小分子蛋白,它在抗氧化应激、阻止线粒体介导的细胞死亡、调节某些基因的表达等方面起着关键作用。最新研究表明,Trx2还可促进血管再生、减少高血压病理生理改变,抑制神经退行性变、保护脑细胞,且高表达Trx2的细胞对致癌剂有更强的抵抗力。因此,Trx2与心血管、神经系统、肿瘤等疾病的发病机制密切相关。现综述Trx2的结构、生物学功能和有关机制,以及该蛋白在相关疾病中的基础研究。
Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) is a small, specific protein located in the mitochondria that plays a key role in antioxidant stress, preventing mitochondria-mediated cell death and regulating the expression of certain genes. Recent studies show that Trx2 can also promote angiogenesis, reduce the pathophysiology of hypertension, inhibit neurodegeneration, protect brain cells, and high expression of Trx2 cells are more resistant to carcinogens. Therefore, Trx2 is closely related to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cardiovascular, nervous system and tumor. The structure, biological functions and related mechanisms of Trx2 are summarized, and the basic research of this protein in related diseases is reviewed.