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本文研究江淮下游地区大豆地方品种产量与十六种数量性状的表型和遗传性相关,以及产量各因素相互间的表型和遗传型相关,计算产量选择指数,并讨论其育种意义。试验表明:遗传型相关一般接近或稍高于表型相关;群体产量与生育前期、全生育期、单株粒重、百粒重、茎粗、结英高度正相关,与每株粒数、主茎分枝数、倒伏性负相关;百粒重与每株英数、每英粒数负相关,百粒重与瘪粒率正相关。性状与群体产量的相关,和性状与单株产量的相关并不相同。密度及其他环境因素对相关均有影响。按单一相关性状对产量作选择指数,效率甚低,采用两个以上相关性状综合为选择指数,效率则提高。选择指数中包括产量本身,当不包括无显著相关的性状时,效果则更好。将本试验结果和文献记述做了比较,并对进一步研究及应用作了讨论。
In this paper, we studied the phenotypic and genetic correlations between the yield of soybean and the 16 quantitative traits in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River as well as the correlation between the phenotypic and genetic types of the factors of yield, calculated the yield selection index and discussed its breeding significance. The results showed that the genetic correlations were generally close to or slightly higher than the phenotypic correlations. Population yield was positively correlated with early growth period, whole growth period, grain weight per plant, grain weight per plant, stem diameter, The number of main stem branches was negatively correlated with the lodging resistance. The 100-grain weight was negatively correlated with the number of kernels and the number of kernels per plant. The correlation between traits and population yield, and the correlation between traits and plant yield are not the same. Density and other environmental factors have an impact on the relevant. According to the single correlation trait, the yield index is very low, the combination of two or more related traits is the selection index, and the efficiency is increased. The index of choice includes the yield itself, but the effect is better when no significant correlation is not included. The results of this test and the literature are compared, and further research and application are discussed.