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从基本权的功能看,社会保障权可以区分为防御权功能、受益权功能以及价值秩序功能,分别对应国家的消极义务、给付义务、保护义务。我国的社会保障权历经休眠阶段、萌芽阶段和发展阶段,时至今日还存在着诸多制度障碍,如社会保障制度僵硬,公众信任不足;社会保障权的收益权受到不合理限制;政府权力异化;社会保障权的自由权丧失;社会保障被社会治理挤压;社会力量参与社会保障受到瓶颈制约等等。为此,需要进一步强化国家在社会保障方面的给付义务、严格国家的消极义务、明确国家的保障义务、健全国家的救济义务,积极引入社会力量,对中央和地方政府的保障义务进行妥善平衡。
From the perspective of the function of basic rights, the right to social security can be divided into the function of defensive power, the function of beneficiary rights and the function of value order, which correspond to the negative obligations, the obligation to pay and the obligation to protect respectively. The social security rights in our country have gone through the stages of dormancy, embryonic stage and development. So far, there are still many institutional obstacles, such as the rigid social security system and insufficient public trust; the unreasonable restrictions on the right to social security; the alienation of government power; The loss of right to freedom of social security, the squeeze on social security by social governance, the restriction of social forces on social security and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the state’s obligation to pay for social security, to strictly state the negative obligations, to define the country’s guarantee obligations, to improve the state’s obligation to provide relief, to actively introduce social forces and to strike a proper balance between the guarantee obligations of the central and local governments.