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通常,我们对文言文的阅读教学一般都是按照“朗读课文——参看注解——串讲课文——记忆背诵”的线路走的。这样,在学习文言文时,就常常会按部就班地沿袭了别人的思维,在不自觉中放弃了自己的理解,导致文言文阅读走进死记硬背的死胡同。子曰:“温故而知新。”我们学习古人的文章,目的不在于炫耀自己的记忆功能,而是通过“温故”而“知新”,即从古义中悟出新意,达到古为今用的目的。而“知新”的有效途径是——逆向思维。
In general, the reading teaching of classical Chinese is generally based on the lines of “reading texts—see comments—stringing texts—memorizing recitations”. In this way, when learning classical Chinese, they often followed other people’s thinking step by step, and gave up their own understanding in unconsciousness, leading to the reading of classical Chinese writings that went to the dead end of the rote. Zi Zhe: “I learned the new things by my time.” Our purpose is not to show off my memory function but to “remember the new” by “remembering the new”, that is, to realize new ideas from ancient meanings and achieve the purpose of ancient and modern use. . The effective way to “know new” is to think in reverse.