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131 I治疗是分化型甲状腺癌（ DTC）治疗过程中不可或缺的一部分，该治疗方法可有效降低DTC的复发率、病死率及转移率，然而高剂量的放射性碘给DTC患者带来不同程度的不良反应也不容忽视。临床将131 I治疗1 d至1年所发生的不良反应称为早期不良反应，主要有甲状腺炎与头颈部不适、恶心与呕吐、唾液腺炎、骨髓抑制、生殖系统不良反应、眼病、肝肾功能损害及其他不良反应。临床医师应了解这些不良反应并制订相应的治疗方案，尽量将患者的不良反应发生率及危害降至最低。“,”Use of radioactive iodine is an essential treatment strategy in patients with differentiated thy-roid carcinoma.131 I is an efficacious form of treatment that can significantly decrease the rate of mortality , recurrence and metastasis.However, side effects, caused by high doses of radioactive iodine, cannot be ignored.Early side effects include thyroiditis, nausea and vomiting, sialadenitis,bone marrow suppression, adverse effect of reproductive system,eye disorders,liver and kidney dysfunction etc.,which may happen within 1 day to 1 year.Clinicians involved in the management of DTC need to be aware of the potential toxici-ty of 131 I and take necessary measures to reduce these effects to the minimum .