很多工程问题都能用微分方程来表述,但微分方程一经建立,便应寻求满足边界条件的方程的解。虽然对于微分方程求解已有一套理论,但能够得到精确解的,只是极少数几种简单情况,特别是二维和三维的问题更加如此。也就由于用解析法求精确解在很多问题上行不通,人们只得用数值计算的方法去求近似解。数值计算促使电子计算机飞跃地发展,由于有 Many engineering problems can be described using differential equations. However, once established, the differential equations should be solved for the equations that satisfy the boundary conditions. Although there is a set of theories for the solution of differential equations, the exact solution can be obtained only in a few simple cases, especially in two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems. As a result of analytic method to find the exact solution in many problems will not work, people have to use numerical methods to find approximate solutions. Numerical calculations have led to the rapid development of electronic computers, due to