按照马克思特别是列宁对资本主义向帝国主义过渡的理论分析,认为在自由的市场经济条件下,企业间的竞争必然引起生产集中,生产集中必然引起资本的集中,资本集中到一定程度,垄断组织就会出现。垄断企业的组织形式有卡特尔(Cartel)、辛迪加(Syndicate)、康采恩(Konzen)和托拉斯(Trust)。列宁认为垄断企业产生的根本原因在于其最大限度地攫取垄断利润所致的必然结果。显然,列宁在分析问题时并没有也不可能使用象交易费用(TransactionCost)这样的现代经济学的概念和方法。而且,完全用这个理论也似乎不能解释在传统的计划 According to the theoretical analysis of the transition from capitalism to imperialism by Marx, especially Lenin, the author thinks that under the condition of free market economy, competition among enterprises inevitably leads to concentration of production, concentration of capital inevitably leads to the concentration of capital and the concentration of capital to a certain extent. Monopolies Will appear. Monopolies are organized in the forms of Cartel, Syndicate, Konzen and Trust. Lenin believed that the fundamental reason for the emergence of monopoly enterprises lies in the inevitable result of maximizing monopoly profits. Obviously, Lenin did not and could not use the concepts and methods of modern economics such as Transaction Costs when analyzing problems. Moreover, the complete use of this theory does not seem to explain the traditional plan