长期以来,革命与军阀统治这两条线索的不断冲撞被描述为北京政府时期历史的主线,“北洋军阀史”遂成为这段历史的通称。但这样的指称,不仅与当时的实情有所出入,而且导致种种偏蔽和局限。北洋军阀的概念,或隐或显地散发出蛮横、愚昧、霸道等信息,在这些不言而喻的潜台词的作用下,张宗昌其人其事屡屡被拿出来作为形象代表。其实,清季以来的新式军人系 For a long time, the constant clashes between the two clues concerning revolution and warlord rule have been described as the main line of history in the period of the Beijing government. The history of the Northern Warlords became the general term of this history. However, such allegations not only differed from the facts at the time, but also led to various kinds of bias and limitations. The concept of the Beiyang warlords, or implicitly or apparently, exudes such information as rudeness, ignorance, hegemony and so on. Under these self-evident subtext, Zhang Zongchang was repeatedly taken out of his position as an image representative. In fact, the new military department since the Qing Dynasty