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干细胞是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞,包括胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。胚胎干细胞是从囊胚内细胞团中获得的具有全能性的细胞,具备了分化成机体所有细胞类型的潜能,包括生殖细胞。近年来人类胚胎干细胞的研究取得了突破性进展,能在体外培养成精子细胞及成熟的卵母细胞,但存在免疫排斥、致瘤性和伦理学等问题,使其应用在临床治疗方面受限。成体干细胞是一种多能干细胞,理论上成体干细胞在一定条件下也可分化为生殖细胞。成体干细胞则可克服这些缺点,应用前景日益被看好。若将成体干细胞向生殖细胞的分化应用于临床,使分化成的生殖细胞能发育成具有生命的子代,那将为不育提供一条新的治疗途径。综述了胚胎干细胞及成体干细胞向生殖细胞分化方面的研究进展。
Stem cells are a group of cells that have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation, including embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells obtained from blastocysts and have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the body, including germ cells. In recent years, human embryonic stem cell research has made breakthrough progress, can be cultured in vitro into sperm cells and mature oocytes, but there are immunological rejection, tumorigenicity and ethics and other issues, so that its application in clinical treatment is limited . Adult stem cells are pluripotent stem cells. Theoretically, adult stem cells can also differentiate into germ cells under certain conditions. Adult stem cells can overcome these shortcomings, and their application prospect is increasingly favored. If the adult stem cells to germ cell differentiation in clinical application, so that the differentiation of germ cells can develop into a living offspring, it will provide a new treatment for infertility. The progress of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells in germ cell differentiation was reviewed.