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新中国农村的合作医疗事业在20世纪50年代初期开始萌芽,随后进入稳步发展阶段,20世纪60年代和70年代前期进入迅速扩展时期,到了20世纪70年代后期,由于国内环境的变化,旧式合作医疗事业走向衰落。农村旧式合作医疗在发展过程中体现出了明显的特点即农村合作医疗组织的建立是建立在自愿协作的基础之上的;医疗保健的范围相对较广,但得到保障的程度有所差异;合作医疗组织的技术力量较薄弱,不能充分满足农民的医疗需要;合作组织的管理体制还不完善;具有明显的阶段性,发展速度不均衡。旧式合作医疗制度虽然已经被取代,但所留下的宝贵经验如农村合作医疗组织是建立在农民自愿协作的基础之上、按照“谁出资谁受益”的原则组成的农村合作医疗体制是符合我国农村集体经济现状的一种有效的筹资方式等经验却仍然具有重要的现实意义,值得继承与发扬。
The cooperative medical care in rural areas of China began to sprout in the early 1950s and then entered a stage of steady development. During the rapid expansion in the 1960s and early 1970s, by the late 1970s, due to changes in the domestic environment, old-style cooperation Medical business to decline. The old cooperative medical system in rural areas in the development process reflects the obvious characteristics that the establishment of rural cooperative medical organizations is based on voluntary collaboration; the scope of health care is relatively broad, but the degree of protection are different; cooperation The technical strength of medical organizations is weak and they can not fully meet the medical needs of peasants. The management system of cooperative organizations is still not perfect. There are obvious phases and the pace of development is uneven. Although the old cooperative medical system has been replaced, the valuable experience left behind, such as rural cooperative medical organizations, is based on the voluntary cooperation of peasants. The rural cooperative medical system based on the principle of Experiences such as an effective way of raising funds in line with the current situation of rural collective economy in our country still have important practical significance and are worthy of inheritance and development.