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君权神授论认为君主的权力是上帝赋予的,而不是来自于臣民;国王是上帝在尘世中的代表,国王不会有错;上帝才有权惩治邪恶的国王。中世纪时期,查士丁尼皇帝竭力歌颂君主的权力,第一个提出君权神授思想,竭力将世俗君权和宗教神权结合起来,从而使东罗马帝国(拜占廷)逐渐发展成为一个神权君主国,实行专制主义的政治体制。政治动荡不可避免地影响到人们的思想。奥古斯丁对上帝之城(the City ofGod)与地上之城(the City ofMan)
The sovereignty of God argues that the power of the monarch is given by God, not from the subjects; the king is the representative of God in the world, the king is not wrong; God has the right to punish the evil king. During the Middle Ages, Justinian Emperor endeavored to praise the monarch’s power. The first one proposed the idea of divine sovereignty, trying to combine the secular monarchy with the religious theocracy so as to gradually develop the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) into a sovereign monarchy and carry out Absolutist political system. Political turmoil inevitably affects people’s minds. Augustine to the City of God and the City of Man,