论文部分内容阅读
目的调查分析黄石市学龄前儿童哮喘的发病情况及其危险因素,为制定相应的预防对策提供依据。方法通过整群随机抽样法对2016年1-6月黄石市10家幼儿园1 200例学龄前儿童进行问卷调查,由儿童与家属共同完成,统计儿童哮喘发病率。根据哮喘发病与否将其分为两组,对两组儿童年龄、性别、过敏史、喂养史、出生史、环境暴露等情况进行比较,对存在显著差异的因素行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果回收有效问卷1 180份,占98.33%;确诊哮喘45例,占3.81%;单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析学龄前儿童哮喘发生独立危险因素:1年内呼吸道多次感染、家族过敏史、特应性体质、居住楼层低、毛绒玩具多;保护因素为益生菌添加持续至少6个月、钙剂及维生素D添加持续1年及以上。结论黄石市学龄前儿童哮喘发生率较高,其发生与儿童特应性体质、呼吸道感染频率、家族过敏史等有关。应加强早期疾病筛查,通过健康教育提高益生菌、钙剂、维生素D添加正确性,保持室内干燥,减少毛绒玩具,避免或减少呼吸道感染等。
Objective To investigate and analyze the incidence and risk factors of asthma in preschool children in Huangshi City and provide the basis for making corresponding preventive measures. Methods A total of 1,200 preschool-aged children from 10 kindergartens in Huangshi City were surveyed by cluster sampling method from January to June in 2016. The children and their families completed the questionnaire and the incidence of childhood asthma was calculated. According to the incidence of asthma or it is divided into two groups, the two groups of children age, gender, history of allergy, feeding history, birth history, environmental exposure and so on, there are significant differences in the factors Logistic regression analysis. Results 180 valid questionnaires were collected, accounting for 98.33%. 45 cases were diagnosed as asthma, accounting for 3.81%. Univariate and Logistic regression analysis showed that there were independent risk factors for asthma in preschool children: multiple respiratory infections within one year, family history of allergy, Should be sexual fitness, low floor, plush toys; Probiotics protection factors for at least 6 months, calcium and vitamin D added for 1 year and above. Conclusion The incidence of asthma in preschool children in Huangshi City is high. The occurrence of asthma is related to atopic constitution, respiratory infection frequency and family history of allergy in children. Early screening of diseases should be strengthened to improve the correctness of probiotics, calcium supplements and vitamin D through health education, to keep indoor dry, reduce plush toys and avoid or reduce respiratory infections.