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马克思唯物史观的形成与三本著作有密切的关系,即《1844年经济学-哲学手稿》、《神圣家族》和《德意志意识形态》。现在理论界一般认为《德意志意识形态》标志着马克思唯物史观的形成,但从整体上来讲,三本著作标志了马克思唯物史观的形成过程。贯穿于三本著作的异化理论由于其不成熟性,与马克思确定的唯物史观有很多的不一致之处,但异化理论作为当时马克思全部思想的基础,马克思从这个角度分析了社会历史发展的各种理论问题和实际问题,取得了很多对于唯物史观形成有阶段意义的成果。分析马克思的异化思想,对认识唯物史观具有重要的意义,故本文欲从哲学史及文本角度对异化进行比较全面的论述。
The formation of Marx’s historical materialism is closely related to three books: “Economics - Philosophical Manuscripts 1844,” “Holy Family,” and “German Ideology.” Now theorists generally think that “German ideology” marks the formation of Marx’s historical materialism, but on the whole, the three books mark the formation of Marx’s historical materialism. Because of its immaturity, the theory of alienation that runs through the three books has many inconsistencies with the historical materialism defined by Marx. However, from the perspective of alienation theory as the foundation of all Marxist ideas at that time, Marx analyzed the social and historical development of each Kind of theoretical and practical problems, and has achieved a lot of achievements that have historical significance for the formation of historical materialism. Analysis of Marx’s alienation thinking is of great significance to the understanding of historical materialism. Therefore, the thesis attempts to make a comparatively comprehensive discussion of alienation from the perspective of philosophical history and text.