0引言网络安全态势感知是在大规模网络中,对能够引起网络安全状态发生变化的安全要素进行获取、理解以及预测未来的趋势。网络安全态势感知强调一种整体的状态趋势,是一个宏观的概念,它运用数据融合技术,通过对影响网络安全态势多种因素的融合,提供全面而宏观的网络安全状态映射,从而加强对网络的理解与控制,同时,它为网络风险评估提供支持,给出网络安全状态的评估及预测结果,从而为网络安全管理提供及时准确的决 0 INTRODUCTION Cybersecurity situational awareness is the process of acquiring, understanding, and anticipating future trends in a large-scale network of security elements that can cause changes in the state of cybersecurity. Network security situational awareness emphasizes a state-of-the-art trend, a macro concept that uses data fusion techniques to provide a comprehensive and macroscopic mapping of cybersecurity status by incorporating multiple factors that affect the security posture of the network, At the same time, it provides support for the network risk assessment, gives the assessment of the network security status and the prediction result, so as to provide timely and accurate network security management decision