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球形封头在其直边段易发生折皱和开裂,残余应力过大是造成其缺陷的根本原因之一。针对无损X射线衍射法、有损全释放法这两种残余应力测试方法的检测原理、测试方法及应用特点等方面进行了分析介绍。以12Cr2Mo1R(H)材料为例,采用两种方法分别测量了球形封头热冲压成形后的外壁残余应力值。揭示了封头外壁残余应力分布规律:封头外壁的残余应力值由底部开始逐渐增大,过渡段为应力值转折区域,进入直边段后,残余应力值达到最大。通过对比发现:两种测量方法测得的残余应力变化规律相似;全释放法测得的残余应力值较大;残余应力值在封头外壁直边段部分达到最大。
Spherical head in its straight edge prone to wrinkles and cracking, residual stress is one of the root causes of its defects. In this paper, the detection principle, test methods and application characteristics of two kinds of residual stress test methods, including non-destructive X-ray diffraction method and lossy full release method, are analyzed and introduced. Taking 12Cr2Mo1R (H) material as an example, two methods were used to measure the residual stress of the outer wall of the spherical head after hot stamping. The residual stress distribution of the outer wall of the head was revealed. The residual stress of the outer wall of the head increased gradually from the bottom, and the transitional section was the turning point of the stress value. After entering the straight edge, the residual stress reached its maximum. The comparison shows that the residual stress changes with the two methods are similar, the residual stress measured by the full release method is larger, and the residual stress reaches the maximum at the straight edge of the outer wall of the head.