革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎在免疫抑制的,上年纪的和住院的病人中越来越显得重要。本文对经充分证实的两组革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎病人的临床特点,病原、发病情况、治疗及转归进行了比较。一组为菌血症肺炎(32例),另一组为非菌血症性肺炎(29例)。前者的标准是:①从病人血中和痰中分离出革兰氏阴性杆菌;②胸部X光片示肺炎改变。其中不包括流感嗜血杆菌所引起的肺炎。非菌血症组的标准:①胸片有肺炎表现;②经气管吸出物有革兰氏阴性杆菌生长;③涂片革兰氏染色可见细菌,每个低倍视野多形核白细胞数超过10个,上皮细胞不超过5个。革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎病人的年龄都比较大,75%菌血症肺炎和89%非菌血症肺炎病人的年龄都超过60岁,超过70岁者占42%。较常见的基础疾病有COPD(39%),恶性肿 Gram-negative bacilli pneumonitis is increasingly important in immunocompromised, elderly and hospitalized patients. This article compares well-established clinical features, pathogens, incidence, treatment, and outcome of two Gram-negative bacilli pneumonia patients. One group was bacteremic pneumonia (n = 32) and the other group was non-bacteremic pneumonia (n = 29). The former standard is: ① from the patient’s blood and sputum isolated Gram-negative bacilli; ② chest X-ray showed pneumonia changes. Which does not include pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Non-bacteremia group of standards: ① chest radiographs of pneumonia; ② tracheal aspirate with Gram-negative bacilli growth; ③ smear Gram stain visible bacteria, each low-power field polymorphonuclear leukocytes more than 10 A, no more than 5 epithelial cells. Gram-negative bacilli pneumonia patients are older, 75% of bacteremic pneumonia and 89% of non-bacteremic pneumonia patients are over 60 years of age, over the age of 70 accounted for 42%. The most common underlying diseases are COPD (39%), malignant