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20世纪70年代初，西方资本主义世界再次爆发全面性的经济危机，这次危机的一个直接后果是，倡导国家干预的凯恩斯主义无论在理论上还是在实践上都遭遇破产，退出了在西方国家经济社会政策中的主角地位，借此时机，自由主义革新换面以“新自由主义”的姿态重返西方资本主义的舞台，继而在随后的“全球化”浪潮中，大力推行“美国式资本主义”，世界各国都在不同程度上受到这股浪潮的冲击，其中以其核心内容——自由竞争的市场经济所产生的冲击波最大。差不多与此同时，中国在改革开放中形成的社会主义市场经济体制日益深得人心，并取得举世瞩目的成就，那么，这两种市场经济观有何区别和联系?搞清这些问题，有助于我们认清形势，识别是非，增强政治敏锐性，从而把握住改革开放的正确方向。
As early as the early 1970s, the Western capitalist world once again witnessed a comprehensive economic crisis. As a direct consequence of this crisis, Keynesian advocates of state intervention have been bankrupt both in theory and in practice, and have been withdrawn from the economy in western countries Social policy, take this opportunity, the liberalism reform in the attitude of “neo-liberalism” returned to the stage of Western capitalism, and then in the ensuing “wave of globalization”, vigorously promote the “American-style capitalism ”All the countries in the world are impacted by this wave to varying degrees. Among them, the shock wave generated by the free market economy with its core content is the largest. At the same time, at a time when the socialist market economic system formed in China’s reform and opening up has enjoyed increasing popularity and achieved remarkable achievements, then what is the difference and connection between these two market economic concepts? We recognize the situation clearly, identify the right from wrong and enhance the political sensitivity so as to seize the correct direction of reform and opening up.