当大规模的洪水或泥沙流出时,常携带大量浮材流出,在河道某一部位产生堆积,形成浮材堰塞湖。可引起局部冲刷与堆积,堵塞整个河道,极可能造成严重的危害。2009年日本学者清水收就浮材群引起泥沙滞留作用,浮材堰塞湖的构造、河网内的分布及其运动形态、对泥沙动态影响进行了相关的研究。其结论:决定浮材堰塞湖形成原因:第一受地形和沟谷宽的影响。第二是浮材量、长度等相关因素。两种成因各占50%。浮材堰塞湖多数是在形成与破坏的过程中交替进行。主支流沟道浮材堰塞湖,与支毛沟道相比,不易破坏与冲毁。但当出现更大洪水时,仍有毁坝的可能。即使不被冲毁,主支流沟道河床也将被浮材堰塞湖堆积的泥沙掩埋。浮材堰塞湖的生存与残留时间,即泥沙滞留时间,取决于再次大雨洪水的规模与间隔时间。 When a large-scale flood or sediment outflow, often carrying a large number of floating outflow in a part of the river produce accumulation, the formation of floating material dammed lake. Can cause local erosion and accumulation, blocking the entire river, is likely to cause serious harm. In 2009, Japanese scholar Shimizu collected the effect of sediment retention caused by the floating material group, the structure of the floating material dammed lake, the distribution in the river network and the movement patterns, and studied the dynamic influence of sediment. The conclusion: Determine the formation of floating material dammed lake: the first by the terrain and valley width. The second is the amount of float, length and other related factors. Two causes each account for 50%. Floating material dammed lake mostly in the process of formation and destruction alternately. Main tributary channel floating material dammed lake, and furrows compared to channel, not easy to destroy and destroy. However, when more floods occur, there is still the possibility of dam destruction. Even if not washed away, the main tributary channel bed will be flooded sediment buried lake sediment. The survival and residual time of the floating material barrier lake, that is, the sediment retention time, depend on the scale and interval of heavy rain and flood.