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目的通过阐述前来地坛医院就诊的艾滋病例的特点,以此来指导在常规的艾滋病医学治疗中的早期诊治。方法用SPSS数据分析法对自1990年1月到2002年6月前来就诊的185 例艾滋病例进行了回顾性分析。结果在所调查的病人中,36.8%来自河南,17.8%来自北京, 8.6%来自陕西,31.4%来自其它的20个省;5.4%来自海外。传播方式:40.0%通过不安全的性接触感染艾滋病;29.2%通过输血或血浆;21.1%通过捐血浆;7人是静脉吸毒者;7人是垂直感染者;另外4人的感染原因未知。艾滋病通常的伴随症状以及机会感染是:体重减轻, 腹泻,呼吸系统疾病,皮肤病,贫血,嗜中性白血球减少症。其它器官系统的疾病不长见, 通常的误诊包括肺炎,感冒和肠炎。结论大多数的病人年龄在30-40岁,通过性接触感染艾滋病是最常见的方式,其次是输入已经污染了的血液或血浆,捐献血浆。艾滋病患者最初表现出的症状是多样的,复杂的,尽管大多数病人已在医院就诊,但仍有很多医生不能确定艾滋病的症状。因此,确定艾滋病患者的症状特征是非常必要的,以此在早期及时诊治, 阻止进一步的传播。
Objective To guide the early diagnosis and treatment of AIDS in medical treatment by describing the characteristics of AIDS cases coming to Ditan Hospital. Methods A retrospective analysis of 185 AIDS cases from January 1990 to June 2002 was conducted by SPSS data analysis. Results Among the investigated patients, 36.8% came from Henan, 17.8% from Beijing, 8.6% from Shaanxi, 31.4% from the other 20 provinces and 5.4% from overseas. Mode of transmission: 40.0% HIV infection through unsafe sexual contact; 29.2% through blood transfusion or plasma; 21.1% through blood donation; 7 intravenous drug users; 7 people with vertical infection; and 4 for unknown reasons. Common symptoms of AIDS and opportunistic infections are: weight loss, diarrhea, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, anemia, neutropenia. Other organ system diseases are not long-term, the common misdiagnosis includes pneumonia, colds and enteritis. Conclusions Most patients, aged 30-40, are the most common form of HIV infection through sexual contact, followed by the introduction of contaminated blood or plasma, plasma donation. The initial symptoms of AIDS patients are diverse and complex. Although most patients are already hospitalized, many doctors still can not determine the symptoms of AIDS. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the symptoms and signs of AIDS patients in order to timely and early diagnosis and treatment, to prevent further spread.