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中国是一个以农业人口为主的大国,目前农民的养老主要依靠家庭供养和土地保障,但随着社会经济条件的变化,这二者的保障能力都已严重弱化,亟须建立社会化的农民的养老保险制度。从发达国家的经验来看,目前我国已具备了建立农民养老保险制度的社会经济条件。农民的养老保险制度建设应包括经济供养社会化、老年照料社区化、医疗保障互济化三个方面,并要正确处理个人、家庭与政府的责任。在中国农民的养老保险制度建设中,政府应扮演极其重要的角色。农民养老保险制度的建设应由政府制定并主导实施,其资金的来源应以个人缴纳为主(个人交50%)、集体补助为辅(集体补20%),政府支持与兜底(财政拨款30%或相关的无限责任)。
China is a large country with a predominantly agricultural population. At present, the pension for peasants mainly relies on family support and land security. However, with changes in social and economic conditions, the security capabilities of both have been seriously weakened, and it is imperative to establish socialized peasants Pension system. Judging from the experience of developed countries, China now has the socio-economic conditions for establishing an endowment insurance system for peasants. The construction of the pension system for peasants should include three aspects: socialization of economic support, community-based care for the elderly and mutual protection of medical insurance, and should properly handle the responsibilities of individuals, families and the government. In the construction of China’s peasants pension system, the government should play an extremely important role. The construction of the pension insurance system for peasants should be formulated and led by the government. The source of the funds should be personal payment (50% for individuals), collective subsidies (20% for collectives), government support and financial support % Or related unlimited liability).