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【Abstract】This paper analyzes the relationship among language， identity and culture with Stuart Hall’s notion. It discusses the distinctive language of interpersonal relationship in China.
【Key words】Stuart Hall; Interpersonal relationship; Language
【作者簡介】 付悦，电子科技大学成都学院文理系。
Ⅰ.Introduction
By interpreting how language， identity， and culture are interconnected with each other， Stuart Hall （1997a， 1997b， 1997c） states that through representation system， language， identity， and culture are intertwined. With this notion in mind， this paper will firstly summarize Hall’s arguments in discussing the interrelationship between language， identity， and culture in three perspectives： language and culture， identity and culture， as well as language and identity. Then it will describe some episodes from the personal experience drawn from Chinese culture， which will introduce and discuss the distinctive language of interpersonal relationships in China.
Ⅱ.Summary of Stuart Hall’s notion
According to Stuart Hall’s （1997b） theory， instead of existing independently and separately， there is a complex interrelationship of language， identity， and cultural difference.
In terms of the relationship between language and culture difference， language， as a tool， a privileged medium， a symbol， embodies， expresses， and symbolizes culture （Kramsch， 1998）. In turn， languages are distinguished because of cultural differences. In addition， owing to culture can be represented in different ways through language， thus we have the cultural difference. Obviously， culture differences will produce different languages.
Identity is a product of culture since culture meaning involves concepts， ideas， emotions and sense of belonging. To illustrate， In Hall’s “cultural identity and diaspora” （1997a）， it indicates that cultural identity is about shared culture， which means people believe in a common history and ancestry （p. 51）. Therefore， with the same understanding， experience， and beliefs， individuals who share the same culture will build up a common sense of identity.
As for the interconnection between language and identity， identity influences language. As is mentioned above， people who have the same identity have a similar way to interpret the world. Besides， people regard their language as a part of their social identity since language is a symbolized system （Kramsch， 1998， p. 3）. Thus， they must share the same “cultural codes” to communicate， which refers to the broad sense of language， including the various signs and symbols （Hall， 1997b， p. 4）. Therefore， identity shapes the way of using language. Ⅲ.Discuss the language of interpersonal relationships in China
The language of interpersonal relationships is a set of specific language， which is influenced by identity and culture difference， in order to describe the relationships between individuals. Drawn from Chinese culture， the language of interpersonal relationships in China is a typical phenomenon to interpret and analyze the complex interrelationship between language， identity， and culture different. This part will argue and discuss the interaction and relationship between the language of interpersonal relationships， Chinese culture， and identity of the young generation which generally refers to people who were born after the year 1980.
Firstly， the language of interpersonal relationships reflects Chinese culture. There， it will take the language of kinship as an example to illustrate. Kinship is a kind of important interpersonal relationships in China. Unlike most western countries， for different kinsfolk in China， the language will be used differently to represent the position in the family. To illustrate this special phenomenon， on one hand， collectivism occupies an important position in Chinese culture， which promotes incorporation （Yao， Wang， Tang
【Key words】Stuart Hall; Interpersonal relationship; Language
【作者簡介】 付悦，电子科技大学成都学院文理系。
Ⅰ.Introduction
By interpreting how language， identity， and culture are interconnected with each other， Stuart Hall （1997a， 1997b， 1997c） states that through representation system， language， identity， and culture are intertwined. With this notion in mind， this paper will firstly summarize Hall’s arguments in discussing the interrelationship between language， identity， and culture in three perspectives： language and culture， identity and culture， as well as language and identity. Then it will describe some episodes from the personal experience drawn from Chinese culture， which will introduce and discuss the distinctive language of interpersonal relationships in China.
Ⅱ.Summary of Stuart Hall’s notion
According to Stuart Hall’s （1997b） theory， instead of existing independently and separately， there is a complex interrelationship of language， identity， and cultural difference.
In terms of the relationship between language and culture difference， language， as a tool， a privileged medium， a symbol， embodies， expresses， and symbolizes culture （Kramsch， 1998）. In turn， languages are distinguished because of cultural differences. In addition， owing to culture can be represented in different ways through language， thus we have the cultural difference. Obviously， culture differences will produce different languages.
Identity is a product of culture since culture meaning involves concepts， ideas， emotions and sense of belonging. To illustrate， In Hall’s “cultural identity and diaspora” （1997a）， it indicates that cultural identity is about shared culture， which means people believe in a common history and ancestry （p. 51）. Therefore， with the same understanding， experience， and beliefs， individuals who share the same culture will build up a common sense of identity.
As for the interconnection between language and identity， identity influences language. As is mentioned above， people who have the same identity have a similar way to interpret the world. Besides， people regard their language as a part of their social identity since language is a symbolized system （Kramsch， 1998， p. 3）. Thus， they must share the same “cultural codes” to communicate， which refers to the broad sense of language， including the various signs and symbols （Hall， 1997b， p. 4）. Therefore， identity shapes the way of using language. Ⅲ.Discuss the language of interpersonal relationships in China
The language of interpersonal relationships is a set of specific language， which is influenced by identity and culture difference， in order to describe the relationships between individuals. Drawn from Chinese culture， the language of interpersonal relationships in China is a typical phenomenon to interpret and analyze the complex interrelationship between language， identity， and culture different. This part will argue and discuss the interaction and relationship between the language of interpersonal relationships， Chinese culture， and identity of the young generation which generally refers to people who were born after the year 1980.
Firstly， the language of interpersonal relationships reflects Chinese culture. There， it will take the language of kinship as an example to illustrate. Kinship is a kind of important interpersonal relationships in China. Unlike most western countries， for different kinsfolk in China， the language will be used differently to represent the position in the family. To illustrate this special phenomenon， on one hand， collectivism occupies an important position in Chinese culture， which promotes incorporation （Yao， Wang， Tang