呼吸机相关肺炎 (ventilator asso-ciated pneumonia,VAP)是 ICU内常见感染 ,也是导致院内感染死亡、住院日延长及治疗费用增加的主要原因。正确的诊断是明确危险因素、制定预防策略及采取合适治疗的前提。然而 ,虽经多年探讨 ,在 VAP诊断标准和技术上仍存在相当的困难和争论 , Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a common infection in the ICU, is also the leading cause of death from nosocomial infections, prolonged length of stay, and increased cost of treatment. Correct diagnosis is a clear risk factors, the development of preventive strategies and the premise of appropriate treatment. However, despite many years of discussion, there are still considerable difficulties and controversies in the diagnostic criteria and techniques of VAP,