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[目的]揭示土壤全量养分空间分布的异质性,为农田的科学管理及提高作物产量提供理论依据。[方法]秋收后、土壤封冻前,在辽宁省59个农业气象站选择典型农业生态类型,分别于0～20cm和20～40cm进行混合取样,并进行相应的GPS定位。分别分析不同深度土壤全量养分,有机碳和全氮:元素分析仪测定(ElementarⅢ,德国);全磷:Na2CO3熔融-钼锑钪比色;全钾:NaOH熔融-火焰光度计法。利用SPSS13.0对土壤全量养分进行正态分布检验,不满足正态分布的进行对数转换,直至满足正态分布为止。利用SPSS13.0软件将Excel中的经度、纬度、海拔和属性数据转换为dbf格式。利用GIS9.2中的Kriging插值绘图,在ArcMap中将土壤属性的插值图与辽宁省行政区域图叠加,得到全量养分的空间分布图。[结果]不同土壤深度全碳、全氮和全磷呈现出东高西低的分布趋势,但全钾在辽西分布较高。土壤表层(0～20cm)全碳、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均高于下层(20～40cm),表现为土壤表层富集的现象。全钾随土壤深度变化量较小,其表层和下层平均含量分别为17.64和17.08g/kg。[结论]不同土壤深度全量养分的分布特征为农田管理提供了理论依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to reveal the heterogeneity of spatial distribution of soil total nutrients and provide theoretical basis for the scientific management of farmland and the improvement of crop yield. [Method] Before harvest, the typical agroecological types were selected from 59 agrometeorological stations in Liaoning Province before they were frozen. The samples were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, respectively, and their corresponding GPS positions were determined. Total nutrients, organic carbon and total nitrogen in soils at different depths were analyzed: elemental analysis (Elementar III, Germany); total phosphorus: Na2CO3 fusion - molybdenum antimony and scandium colorimetric; total potassium: NaOH fusion - flame photometer method. SPSS13.0 was used to test the normal distribution of total nutrients in soil and logarithm transformation did not satisfy the normal distribution until the normal distribution was satisfied. Use SPSS13.0 software to Excel longitude, latitude, elevation and attribute data is converted to dbf format. Using Kriging interpolation drawing in GIS9.2, the interpolated map of soil properties is superimposed with the administrative area map of Liaoning Province in ArcMap to obtain the spatial distribution of total nutrients. [Result] The total carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in different soil depth showed the trend of high east and low east, but the distribution of total potassium was higher in western Liaoning. The contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil surface (0 ~ 20cm) were higher than those in the lower layer (20 ~ 40cm), which showed the enrichment of soil surface. The change of total K with soil depth was small, the average contents of total potassium and potassium were 17.64 and 17.08g / kg, respectively. [Conclusion] The distribution characteristics of total nutrients in different soil depth provided theoretical basis for farmland management.