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近百年来,美国成人教育理论取得了令人瞩目的研究成果,以三种典型理论取向为指导的研究表现得尤为突出。认知发展理论取向侧重于把成人教育作为一个认知过程;年龄理论取向强调成人在不同年龄阶段具有不同的特点,根据特点开展成人教育;功能主义理论取向注重成人教育中各组成因素之间的相互关系,三者分别从不同角度对成人教育理论进行了深入的分析和探讨。美国成人教育理论的不同研究取向,有助于从多个层面展现美国成人教育理论的整体性和系统性。
In the recent one hundred years, the theory of adult education in the United States has made remarkable research results. The study guided by three typical theoretical orientations is particularly outstanding. The theory of cognitive development focuses on adult education as a cognitive process; the theory of age emphasizes that adults have different characteristics at different ages and carries out adult education according to their characteristics; and the theoretical orientation of functionalism focuses on the differences between the components of adult education The three have analyzed and discussed adult education theory from different perspectives. The different research directions of American adult education theory help to show the integrity and systematicness of American adult education theory from many aspects.