社会主义市场经济理论的确立，为我们提供了一个全新的思想武器，使我们对计划和市场这两种经济手段有了本质的认识。用社会主义市场经济的观点重新审视铁路，我们看到，铁路的运输组织工作和运输经营工作，原本是两个不同范畴的问题。但是长期以来，我们只强调铁路的“高大半”特点，只强调集中统一，实行一套高度集中的计划体制。对于行车组织指挥工作来讲，这无疑是正确的、必须的。但是，运输经营工作却被这套体制统死了，我们习惯于用计 The establishment of the theory of socialist market economy has provided us with a brand new ideological weapon and has given us an essential understanding of the two economic means of planning and the market. Looking back on the railway from the perspective of a socialist market economy, we can see that the transport organization and operation of the railway are originally two different areas. However, for a long time, we have only emphasized the “high and a half” characteristics of the railway. We have only emphasized the principle of centralization and unification and a highly centralized planning system. For the driving organization and command work, this is undoubtedly the right and necessary. However, transport operations have been killed by this system, and we are accustomed to using the meter