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历史学既存在有科学的面相,又具有某些科学之外的特质。历史学致力于探讨业已消逝的生活。它存在认知的、伦理的与审美的三个维度。从认知的维度上说,历史学家研究历史事实及解释它们之间的因果关系,历史学成为科学的消费者而非生产者。从伦理的维度上看,历史研究无论是在选择主题,还是在追问历史意义的方面,历史学皆渗入了历史学家的价值判断与道德关怀。从审美的维度上讲,历史学与小说都探讨了人类的生活经验,尽管前者被限定在实际发生了的事件方面、强调了证据的检验;不过,历史表现势必援用了如象征、隐喻与转义等修辞策略,历史叙述仰赖于历史学家独特的蕴涵了艺术品性的技艺。实际上,历史学被视为一门事实化虚构的人文科学,是上述三个维度的综合体。
Historiography has both the scientific outlook and the certain qualities beyond certain sciences. History is devoted to exploring the lost life. It exists cognitive, ethical and aesthetic three dimensions. From a cognitive dimension, historians study the historical facts and explain the causal relationship between them, and historiography becomes a scientific consumer rather than a producer. From the perspective of ethics, history studies have infiltrated historians’ value judgments and moral concerns whether they are choosing topics or asking historical significance. From an aesthetic point of view, both history and novels explore the human experience of life. Although the former is limited to what actually happened, the proof of evidence is emphasized; however, historical performance is bound to be used as a symbol of metaphor and turn Righteousness and other rhetorical strategies, historical narrative relies on historians unique art works of art. In fact, history is regarded as a factual fictional humanities science, which is a combination of these three dimensions.