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2004年10月24日,美国著名马克思主义经济学家和苏联问题专家大卫·M.科茨(著名著作《来自上层的革命》的作者)应邀到《国外理论动态》杂志社讲演,并将题为《国家在经济转型中的作用--俄中经济转型经验比较》的英文待刊文章交付我刊翻译发表。该文比较了俄罗斯新自由主义转型战略和中国国家指导型转型战略,从中得出这样的结论:新自由主义是一种完全失败的转型战略,而中国的转型经验则有很多值得借鉴的地方,这包括长期推迟国有大企业的私有化、国家持续控制银行系统、国家控制跨国贸易和资本流动、政府加大对基础设施和国有企业等的投资等。但作者也指出,在向市场转型过程中,中国社会内部也可能诞生一个富裕的精英阶层,该阶层将力图把中国的改革转向新自由主义,以便在放任的经济环境中大发其财。如果中国顶不住这个压力,中国将面临比俄罗斯更坏的结局:中国的经济和社会将崩溃,中国在世界格局中将被长期锁定为一个提供原料和廉价劳动力的国家。现将该文全译如下。
On October 24, 2004, famous American Marxist economist and Soviet expert David M. Coates (the author of the famous book The Revolution from the Upper Class) was invited to give lectures on “Theory of Foreign Countries” magazine Entitled “The Role of the State in Economic Transition - A Comparative Study of the Economic Transformation Experiences between Russia and China”. This article compares Russia’s neoliberal transformation strategy and China’s state-guided transition strategy, and draws the conclusion that neoliberalism is a completely failed transformation strategy and that China’s transformation experience has many places to learn from. This includes the long postponement of the privatization of large state-owned enterprises, the continuous control of the banking system by the state, the state control of cross-border trade and capital flows and the government’s investment in infrastructure and state-owned enterprises. However, the author also pointed out that in the process of transition to the market, a well-to-do elite may also emerge in Chinese society, which will try to turn China’s reform to neoliberalism in order to make a big profit in an indomitable economic environment. If China can not resist this pressure, China will face a far worse outcome than Russia: China’s economy and society will collapse. China will be locked into a country that provides raw materials and cheap labor in the world structure for a long time. The text is now translated as follows.