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目的:分析儿童肺炎支原体肺炎与Th17/Treg失衡的关系及IL-6/STAT3信号通路的表达状态，为临床应用提供依据。方法:本研究为病例对照研究。采用随机分层抽样法选择唐山市妇幼保健院2019年1月至2021年1月间收治的97例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿作为观察组，同期选择100名健康体检儿童作为对照组；检测受试者外周血淋巴细胞中Th17细胞、Treg细胞、血中IL-6及STAT3 mRNA水平；采用线性模型分析观察组患儿IL-6和STAT3与Th17/Treg关系，采用Spearman相关性检验分析Th17/Treg失衡与儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的关系。结果:观察组患者血中Th17和Th17/Treg水平明显高于对照组(n t值分别为34.85、31.13，n P值均<0.05)，Treg水平明显低于对照组(n t＝34.11，n P<0.05)；观察组患者血中IL-6及STAT3 mRNA水平明显高于对照组(n t值分别为36.99、7.61，n P值均<0.05)；IL-6及STAT3 mRNA水平与Th17/Treg均呈明显正相关；儿童肺炎支原体肺炎与Th17、Th17/Treg失衡呈正相关(n r值分别为0.75、0.70，n P值均<0.05)，与Treg呈负相关(n r＝-0.62，n P<0.05)。n 结论:肺炎支原体肺炎患儿体内出现明显的IL-6/STAT3信号通路异常加速Th17/Treg失衡。“,”Objective:To analyze the relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and Th17/Treg imbalance and the expression of IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway in children, so as to provide basis for clinical application.Methods:This was a case-control study.A random stratified sampling method was adopted.A total of 97 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 100 healthy children were selected as the control group in the same period.The levels of Th17 cells, Treg cells, IL-6 and STAT3 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected.Linear model was used to analyze the relationship between IL-6, STAT3 and Th17/Treg in the observation group, and Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between Th17/Treg imbalance and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.Results:The levels of Th17 and Th17/Treg in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (n t values were 34.85 and 31.13, respectively, both n P<0.05), and the level of Treg was significantly lower than that in the control group (n t=34.11, n P<0.05). The levels of IL-6 and STAT3 mRNA in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (n t values were 36.99 and 7.61, respectively, both n P<0.05). The levels of IL-6 and STAT3 mRNA were positively correlated with Th17/Treg.Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children was positively correlated with Th17 and Th17/Treg imbalance (n r values were 0.75 and 0.70, respectively, both n P<0.05) and negatively correlated with Treg (n r=-0.62, n P<0.05).n Conclusions:There are obvious abnormalities of IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, which accelerates the imbalance of Th17/Treg.