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以两系杂交籼稻皖稻153为试验材料,研究不同施氮量和栽插密度对其产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:(1)施氮量、栽插密度对皖稻153的产量有着显著影响;225 kg.hm-2施氮水平的产量最高,300 kg.hm-2施氮水平的产量次之,此两处理差异不显著但比不施氮处理的极显著增产;栽插密度以22.5×104hm2的产量最高,其次为30.0×104hm2,以下依次为15.0×104hm2、37.5×104hm2和7.5×104hm2。(2)施氮量和栽插密度对产量构成因素有着不同的影响,其中对单位面积穗数影响最大,每穗粒数次之,结实率相对较小,千粒重最为稳定。(3)群体颖花量的增加是产量提高的决定性因素,在适宜足量的群体颖花量基础上稳定提高结实率是高产的保证。(4)本试验条件下,皖稻153适宜的施氮量为225 kg.hm-2,栽插密度为22.5×104hm2。
Two-line indica hybrid rice Wandao 153 was used as experimental material to study the effects of different nitrogen rates and planting density on its yield and its components. The results showed that: (1) N application rate and transplanting density had a significant effect on the yield of Wandao 153; 225 kg.hm-2 had the highest nitrogen yield, followed by 300 kg.hm-2 nitrogen application, The difference between the two treatments was not significant but the yield was significantly increased compared with no nitrogen treatment. The highest transplanting density was 22.5 × 104hm2, followed by 30.0 × 104hm2, followed by 15.0 × 104hm2, 37.5 × 104hm2 and 7.5 × 104hm2, respectively. (2) The amount of nitrogen application and planting density had different effects on the yield components, of which the spikelet number per unit area had the greatest impact. The number of spikelets per panicle was relatively small, and the grain weight was the most stable. (3) The increase of population spikelet yield was the decisive factor for the increase of yield. Stable increase of seed setting rate was the guarantee of high yield on the basis of appropriate amount of spikelet population. (4) Under this experimental condition, the suitable nitrogen application rate of Wandao 153 was 225 kg.hm-2, and the transplanting density was 22.5 × 104hm2.