一 心灵问题是中西哲学的共同问题,但是中西哲学解决这个问题的方式颇不相同。可以说,中国和西方形成了两种具有不同倾向、不同特质的心灵哲学。 西方哲学传统认为,人的心灵不是完美的,因此不能在心灵自身中解决所有问题,必须在心灵之外寻找完美的理念世界;心灵的职责就是如何去认识它、掌握它。西方宗教哲学更是认为,上帝才是最高实体,人的心灵带有原罪,是有缺陷的,需要拯救。西方哲学与宗教在心灵问题上固然有许多区别,但这一基本出发点则是共同的。 The problem of one mind is a common problem between Chinese and Western philosophy, but the ways in which the Chinese and Western philosophy solve this problem are quite different. It can be said that China and the West formed two kinds of spiritual philosophy with different tendencies and different qualities. The Western philosophical tradition holds that the human mind is not perfect and therefore can not solve all problems in the mind itself. The perfect world of ideas must be sought beyond the mind. The duty of the mind is to know it and grasp it. The western religious philosophy holds that God is the highest entity, that human souls with original sin are flawed and need salvation. Although there are many differences between western philosophies and religions on spiritual issues, this basic starting point is common.