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目的调查广州市常住居民流感知信行情况,为流感健康教育及健康促进策略的制定提供依据。方法设计统一调查表,采用Mitofsky-Waksberg二阶段抽样方法,按不同居住类型人群进行分层,于2011年9月对广州市12个区(县级市)的常住居民进行流感相关信息知信行情况的电话调查。采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 1 533名被调查者中,91.3%(1 399/1 533)的被调查者曾听说过流感,60.0%(920/1 533)的被调查者关注过流感;不同居住类型人群对流感的知晓率分别为:城市93.3%(845/906)、城乡结合部90.3%(278/308)、农村86.5%(276/319),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。76.3%(1 169/1 533)的被调查者能准确指出接触到别人打喷嚏或咳嗽的分泌物会传播流感,不同居住类型人群对“接触到别人打喷嚏或咳嗽的分泌物会传播流感”的知晓率分别为:城市81.6%(739/906)、城乡结合部72.4%(223/308)、农村64.9%(207/319),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。95.6%(1 465/1 533)的被调查者懂得开窗通风可以预防流感,93.3%(1 430/1 533)的被调查者懂得通过勤洗手以加强个人防护;女性被调查者采取“开窗通风”、“勤洗手”、“避免去人多的地方”、“出门带口罩”、“注意休息避免疲劳”、“醋熏屋子”等6项措施预防流感的比例均高于男性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。仅有37.6%(576/1 533)的被调查者在罹患流感之后会选择在家休息。结论广州市常住居民存在流感知识知晓率地区分布不均状况,罹患流感后,人群自我约束能力较弱。应针对不同人群采取有针对性的健康教育措施,提高流感知识知晓率和预防流感行为形成率。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of influenza awareness among residents living in Guangzhou and provide basis for the development of influenza health education and health promotion strategy. Methods A unified questionnaire was designed. Mitofsky-Waksberg two-stage sampling method was used to stratify different population groups. In September 2011, residents of 12 districts (county-level cities) in Guangzhou were informed of flu-related information Phone survey. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis. Results Of the 1 533 respondents, 91.3% (1 399/1 533) of the respondents had heard about the flu and 60.0% (920/1 533) of the respondents concerned about the flu; different types of living people had the same flu The awareness rates were 93.3% (845/906) in urban areas, 90.3% (278/308) in urban and rural areas and 86.5% (276/319) in rural areas, respectively, with significant differences (P <0.01). 76.3% (1 169/1 533) of the respondents can accurately point out that the contact with someone’s sneezing or coughing secretions will spread the flu, different types of living population on the “contact with someone sneezing or coughing secretions will spread the flu ”Were 81.6% (739/906) in urban areas, 72.4% (223/308) in urban-rural areas and 64.9% (207/319) in rural areas, with significant differences (P <0.01). 95.6% (1 465/1 533) of the respondents knew that window ventilation could prevent the flu, 93.3% (1 430/1 533) of respondents knew that personal washing was strengthened by washing their hands frequently and that women respondents had “ Window ventilation ”,“ wash your hands ”,“ avoid crowded places ”,“ go out with masks ”,“ pay attention to rest to avoid fatigue ”,“ vinegar smoked house ”6 The proportion of measures to prevent influenza was higher than that of men (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Only 37.6% (576/1 533) of respondents would choose to rest at home after having flu. Conclusions There is an uneven distribution of knowledge about influenza among residents in Guangzhou. After suffering from influenza, the self-restraint ability of the population is weaker. Targeted health education measures should be taken for different populations to improve awareness of influenza awareness and prevent the formation of influenza.