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目的探讨乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗长期免疫接种后整体人群乙肝病毒(HBV)感染状况及其变化趋势。方法采用整群抽样结合横断面调查方法,共收集资料完整的调查对象4686名,采集静脉血并分离血清,用固相放射免疫法检测HBV感染标志。结果整体人群平均HBsAg阳性率为7.5%,抗-HBs为44.5%,抗-HBc为47.8%;0～19岁人群HBSAg和抗-HBc阳性率较≥20岁人群显著下降。乙肝疫苗免疫组的HBsAg阳性率为2.8%,抗-HBc阳性率为12.0%,HBV感染率为12.5%,未免疫组分别为10.2%、69.8%和71.2%。男性平均HBsAg阳性率比女性高,抗-HBc和抗-HBs阳性率男女性别间无差异。0～19岁人群的HBsAg阳性率为2.4%,而20～30岁人群阳性率达到13.6%～17.7%,到60岁开始下降;0～19岁人群的抗-HBs阳性率随年龄增长而明显下降,≥20岁人群的抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率均随着年龄增长而呈升高趋势。结论长期开展新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫使人群HBV流行状况发生变化,感染高峰年龄段后移。
Objective To investigate the status and trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population after long-term immunization of Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine. Methods A total of 4686 subjects with complete data were collected by cluster sampling combined with cross-sectional survey. Venous blood was collected and serum was separated. HBV infection markers were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay. Results The overall population HBsAg positive rate was 7.5%, anti-HBs 44.5%, anti-HBc 47.8%; 0 to 19-year-old population HBSAg and anti-HBc positive rate was significantly lower than 20-year-old population. The HBsAg positive rate was 2.8%, the anti-HBc positive rate was 12.0%, the HBV infection rate was 12.5%, and the non-immune group was 10.2%, 69.8% and 71.2% respectively. The average positive rate of HBsAg in men was higher than that in women, while the positive rate of anti-HBc and anti-HBs was no difference between male and female. The positive rate of HBsAg in population aged 0-19 years was 2.4%, while the positive rate in population aged 20-30 was 13.6% -17.7%, and it began to decline at 60 years old. The positive rate of anti-HBs in 0- 19 years old group was obvious with age Decline, ≥20-year-old population anti-HBs, anti-HBc positive rate increased with age and showed an upward trend. Conclusion Long-term neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunization has changed the epidemic situation of HBV in the population, and the infection peak age group is shifted.