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古希腊口述传统中产生并发展起来的修辞术,得到雅典城邦的制度性支持。雅典城邦实行直接民主制,该制度主要在两个方面为修辞术的繁荣提供施展的空间和舞台:一是公民大会,一是公民法庭。在这两个舞台上,城邦精英运用修辞术,对城邦重大事务及诉讼行为提出自己的立场与观点,以说服民众,赢得支持和诉讼。而这两个舞台上的修辞者要实现说服的目标,主要运用的修辞策略是:诉诸情感、诉诸人格和诉诸常识等。雅典城邦的直接民主制度为修辞术提供施展的舞台;但修辞术运用的异化也消解着城邦的民主政治制度与理念。修辞异化对城邦政治的腐化和堕落负有一定的责任。
The rhetoric that originated and developed in the ancient Greek oral tradition gained the institutional support of the city-state of Athens. The implementation of direct democracy in the city-state of Athens provides the space and stage for the prosperity of rhetoric in two aspects: First, the assembly of citizens and the court of citizens. On both these stages, city elites use rhetoric to put forward their positions and opinions on major city-state affairs and litigation in order to convince the public and win support and litigation. The rhetoric on these two stages should achieve the goal of persuasion. The main rhetorical strategies used are: resorting to emotions, appealing to personality and resorting to common sense. The direct democratic system in the city-state of Athens provided the stage for Rhetoric to be displayed; however, the alienation of rhetorical use also dispelled the polity system and concept of the city-state. Rhetorical alienation has some responsibility to the corruption and degradation of the polity.