尽管HIV感染的靶器官是免疫系统,但在感染过程中神经系统却常常受到侵害,这不仅仅是继发于免疫功能障碍,更主要的是病毒直接作用的结果。由于HIV可通过多种途径导致神经功能障碍,又由于神经系统具有复杂的解剖学和生理学特性以及功能上的重要性,使HIV感染的神经并发病具有很高的发病率和病死率。本文将介绍有关HIV感染神经并发病发病机理的一些基本原则并将其与临床诊断联系起来,特别需强调的是艾 Although the target organ for HIV infection is the immune system, the nervous system is often compromised during the infection, not just as a result of immune dysfunction, but more primarily as a direct result of the virus. Because HIV can lead to neurological dysfunction through a variety of pathways, and because of the complex anatomic and physiologic features of the nervous system and their functional importance, HIV causes high rates of morbidity and mortality in neurological complications of HIV infection. This article will introduce some of the basic principles of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological disease and its association with clinical diagnosis, with particular emphasis on Ai