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【Abstract】The Moon and Sixpence is a book created by William Somerset Maugham and based on the famous French impressionism Paul Gauguin’s legendary life. The protagonist （Charles Strickland） in the book is a stock broker， one day he abandoned his superior job and left his perfect family to pursue a far ideal of painting. This paper aims to discuss Strickland’s complex characters and image features and analyze them.
【Key words】The Moon and Sixpence； humanity； contrast； Freud； ideal
【摘要】《月亮和六便士》是英國小说家和戏剧家威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆所著，该书的主人公以法国著名后印象派大师高更为原型，情节也取材于其生平。讲述了主人公斯特里克兰抛弃了原本稳固的工作，离开了美满的家庭，放弃了优越的生活，辗转流徙，甚至食不果腹，执着追求绘画的理想。本文主旨在于探讨男主人公复杂的人物性格和形象特点并对其进行分析。
【关键词】《月亮和六便士》 人性 对比分析 弗洛伊德 理想
1. Introduction
1.1 The background of the research
The Moon and Sixpence express the condition between the social reality and the pursuit of humanity freedom. The core in the book is not only the conflict between reality and ideal but also the internal exploration and complexity of human nature.
The moon and sixpence （1919） is a famous novel after the semi-autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage （1915） of Maugham.
1.2 The purpose and significance of the study
The creative motif of The Moon and Sixpence is human nature， revealing the complexity， evil and strange of human nature， at the same time longing for a kind of the otherworldly self-improvement in personality.
2.1 The creation background of The Moon and Sixpence
2.1.1 The social background
During The Industrial Revolution， Many small town became cities， the growing population and flow of goods contributed to the birth of the railway， which in turn accelerate the process of urbanization. Age of peace provide the necessary objective conditions to the vigorous development of Victorian literature.
The characters of the novel are ordinary civilians， the background of the novel is setting in real places.
2.1.2 William Somerset Maugham
William Somerset Maugham （1874-1965） was born in the British Embassy in Paris on 25th January， 1874. Maugham had taken a happy child life. But when he was eight his mother died in tuberculosis and two years. Maugham was sent to his uncle. “He had developed a bad stammer which made him painfully self-conscious” （Selena Hastings， 2015）. He used these experiences to write his first novel Liza of Lambeth （1897）.
The book’s popularity contributed Maugham to abandon medicine and become a full-time writer. Maugham’s best-known novel Of Human Bondage （1915） was published during the war. But this book had not succeeded since his another famous work The Moon and Sixpence （1919） met public. 2.2 The brief introduction of The Moon and Sixpence
Strickland， a British typical broker with solid career and status and a happy family. But he abruptly abandoned all of he possessed to pursue his art ideal.
Strickland finally left the civilized world to a isolated island Tahiti， a place where he found the atmosphere suitable for his soul and art and created countless masterpieces that would shocked the later generations.
3. Theoretical Basis
3.1 Freud’s theory of personality structure
Freud’s theory of personality （2011） consists of the “levels of consciousness， the nature of human beings and the source of human motivation， the structure of personality and the development of personality.”
3.2 The reflection to Charles Strickland of Freud’s theory
3.2.1 Ego first
The ego is called the executive branch of personality because it uses reasoning to make decisions. It must meet the needs of the Id and considers the reality of the situation as well.
Strickland lives in his way and suppresses the desire， so in this stage he is the ego complying with the reality principle.
3.2.2 Id second
In Freud’s （2011） view， the Id is totally unconscious， it has no contact with reality. Controlled by id， Strickland’s instinct desire is urgently need to be released and satisfied. The id in Strickland’s personality structure is playing a role when he is in Paris.
3.2.3 Superego last
The superego represents society’s restrictions and produces guilt and an ego ideal. Think of the Superego as what we often refer to as our “conscience”. The superego aims for perfection.
4. Research Methodology
4.1 Comparative analysis approach
Comparative analysis approach， also named contrast method is a syntactic construction that serves to express a comparison between two （or more） things or groups of things. A major artistic technique used in drama commonly. There are three general contrasts：character comparison， scene comparison， detail comparison.
4.2 Research route
4.2.1 The objects of comparison
In the Moon and sixpence， there is another painter who is absolutely different from the protagonist. Dirk Stroeve， His paintings are favored by art dealer. Charles Strickland is a dull typical broker before leaving his family. When the desire of painting can’t be depressed， he decisively abandons his family.
4.2.2 The comparison on the artistic talent
【Key words】The Moon and Sixpence； humanity； contrast； Freud； ideal
【摘要】《月亮和六便士》是英國小说家和戏剧家威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆所著，该书的主人公以法国著名后印象派大师高更为原型，情节也取材于其生平。讲述了主人公斯特里克兰抛弃了原本稳固的工作，离开了美满的家庭，放弃了优越的生活，辗转流徙，甚至食不果腹，执着追求绘画的理想。本文主旨在于探讨男主人公复杂的人物性格和形象特点并对其进行分析。
【关键词】《月亮和六便士》 人性 对比分析 弗洛伊德 理想
1. Introduction
1.1 The background of the research
The Moon and Sixpence express the condition between the social reality and the pursuit of humanity freedom. The core in the book is not only the conflict between reality and ideal but also the internal exploration and complexity of human nature.
The moon and sixpence （1919） is a famous novel after the semi-autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage （1915） of Maugham.
1.2 The purpose and significance of the study
The creative motif of The Moon and Sixpence is human nature， revealing the complexity， evil and strange of human nature， at the same time longing for a kind of the otherworldly self-improvement in personality.
2.1 The creation background of The Moon and Sixpence
2.1.1 The social background
During The Industrial Revolution， Many small town became cities， the growing population and flow of goods contributed to the birth of the railway， which in turn accelerate the process of urbanization. Age of peace provide the necessary objective conditions to the vigorous development of Victorian literature.
The characters of the novel are ordinary civilians， the background of the novel is setting in real places.
2.1.2 William Somerset Maugham
William Somerset Maugham （1874-1965） was born in the British Embassy in Paris on 25th January， 1874. Maugham had taken a happy child life. But when he was eight his mother died in tuberculosis and two years. Maugham was sent to his uncle. “He had developed a bad stammer which made him painfully self-conscious” （Selena Hastings， 2015）. He used these experiences to write his first novel Liza of Lambeth （1897）.
The book’s popularity contributed Maugham to abandon medicine and become a full-time writer. Maugham’s best-known novel Of Human Bondage （1915） was published during the war. But this book had not succeeded since his another famous work The Moon and Sixpence （1919） met public. 2.2 The brief introduction of The Moon and Sixpence
Strickland， a British typical broker with solid career and status and a happy family. But he abruptly abandoned all of he possessed to pursue his art ideal.
Strickland finally left the civilized world to a isolated island Tahiti， a place where he found the atmosphere suitable for his soul and art and created countless masterpieces that would shocked the later generations.
3. Theoretical Basis
3.1 Freud’s theory of personality structure
Freud’s theory of personality （2011） consists of the “levels of consciousness， the nature of human beings and the source of human motivation， the structure of personality and the development of personality.”
3.2 The reflection to Charles Strickland of Freud’s theory
3.2.1 Ego first
The ego is called the executive branch of personality because it uses reasoning to make decisions. It must meet the needs of the Id and considers the reality of the situation as well.
Strickland lives in his way and suppresses the desire， so in this stage he is the ego complying with the reality principle.
3.2.2 Id second
In Freud’s （2011） view， the Id is totally unconscious， it has no contact with reality. Controlled by id， Strickland’s instinct desire is urgently need to be released and satisfied. The id in Strickland’s personality structure is playing a role when he is in Paris.
3.2.3 Superego last
The superego represents society’s restrictions and produces guilt and an ego ideal. Think of the Superego as what we often refer to as our “conscience”. The superego aims for perfection.
4. Research Methodology
4.1 Comparative analysis approach
Comparative analysis approach， also named contrast method is a syntactic construction that serves to express a comparison between two （or more） things or groups of things. A major artistic technique used in drama commonly. There are three general contrasts：character comparison， scene comparison， detail comparison.
4.2 Research route
4.2.1 The objects of comparison
In the Moon and sixpence， there is another painter who is absolutely different from the protagonist. Dirk Stroeve， His paintings are favored by art dealer. Charles Strickland is a dull typical broker before leaving his family. When the desire of painting can’t be depressed， he decisively abandons his family.
4.2.2 The comparison on the artistic talent