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在全球气候变化和人类干扰的综合作用下,中国草地出现大范围的退化,退化的草地造成了严重的生态问题。玛多县位于青海省三江源区的黄河源区,草地也出现了严重退化,因此,青海省政府于2004年在该地区实行了生态移民政策。为了分析牧户对生态移民的响应差异,作者从牧户角度,通过牧户调查,遥感数据、自然要素和社会经济要素综合分析,研究生态移民政策和牧户的响应情况及原因,对以后的人地和谐共处具有借鉴作用。本文利用近25年的三期MSS和TM影像、两年的PRA牧户访谈共144户的资料,通过综合分析,得出以下结果:(1)草地退化主要是由气候干暖化和草地载畜超载造成的。(2)移民政策和牧户社会经济情况的对比利益差异,导致移出的牧户以老年牧户、无畜/少畜户为主,牲畜多的、中青年牧户普遍不愿移民。而且,移民户中,一证多户中的部分户移民占所有移民户54.5%。移民牧户结构的上述特征导致通过移民实现草地载畜量明显减少的目标不易实现。
Under the combined effect of global climate change and human disturbance, a large-scale degradation of grassland in China has occurred. Degraded grasslands have caused serious ecological problems. Maduo County is located in the source region of the Yellow River in the Three Rivers Source Region of Qinghai Province. Grassland also experienced serious degradation. Therefore, the Qinghai Provincial Government implemented the ecological resettlement policy in the region in 2004. In order to analyze the difference of response of herdsmen to ecological immigrants, the author studied the eco-immigration policy and the response of herdsmen and their causes through the comprehensive analysis of pastoral households survey, remote sensing data, natural factors and socio-economic factors. Harmony between man and land have reference. Based on a total of 144 households interviewed by PRA herdsmen over the past 25 years and three MSS and TM images in the past 25 years, the following results were obtained through comprehensive analysis: (1) Grassland degradation is mainly caused by climate warming and grassland Livestock overload caused. (2) Differences in interests between the resettlement policies and the socio-economic conditions of the herders have led to the relocation of herders to older herdsmen and livestock-less / less-reliant households with more livestock. Young and middle-aged herders are generally reluctant to relocate. Moreover, among the relocated households, some of the relocated households in one of the multiple households in one card account for 54.5% of all immigrant households. The above characteristics of the structure of the herd of immigrants led to the realization of a marked reduction of the stocking capacity of the grassland through immigration, which is not easy to achieve.