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比较从低品位电工电子废料中选择性回收铜的3种湿法冶金方法。首先将废料熔炼成Cu-Zn-Sn-Ag合金,并采用SEM-EDS和XRD进行表征。对合金进行阳极溶解,首先采用氨溶液和硫酸溶液对合金进行电沉积或在氨-硫酸铵溶液中浸出,然后进行电沉积铜。实现了各种金属分离,Pb、Ag和Sn等沉积在阳极泥中,而铜则转移至电解液中并在阴极上还原析出。最佳的处理条件为在硫酸溶液中浸出,获得的最终产品为高纯Cu(99%),电流效率为90%。采用氨浸出可使Cu离子富集在电解液中,利于后续的电沉积,但是自发溶解的速率较低。在氨-硫酸铵溶液中进行阳极溶解不利于各种金属在阳极泥、电解液和阴极沉积物进行分离。
Comparison of three types of hydrometallurgical methods for the selective recovery of copper from low grade electrical and electronic waste. The scrap was first melted into Cu-Zn-Sn-Ag alloy and characterized by SEM-EDS and XRD. Anode dissolution of the alloy, the first solution of ammonia and sulfuric acid solution for electrodeposition of the alloy or ammonia - ammonium sulfate solution leaching, and then the electrodeposition of copper. A variety of metal separation, Pb, Ag and Sn deposition in the anode mud, and copper is transferred to the electrolyte and reduced precipitation on the cathode. The best processing conditions for leaching in sulfuric acid solution, the final product obtained is high purity Cu (99%), the current efficiency of 90%. The use of ammonia leaching Cu ions can be enriched in the electrolyte, conducive to the subsequent electrodeposition, but spontaneous dissolution rate is low. Ammonia - ammonium sulfate solution in the anodic dissolution is not conducive to a variety of metals in the anode slime, electrolyte and cathode sediment separation.